# Montgomery County, TX (FIPS 48339): H-1B profile

> County profile: https://www.xh1b.org/county/48339

Employers in Montgomery, TX filed 7,109 certified H-1B applications requesting 9,747 workers across 1,847 companies. The median offered wage is $90,522/yr. The largest filers are Wipro Limited, Infosys Limited and Conroe Independent School District. The displacement model assigns 14.2K worker-equivalent exposures to these filings. Separately, 2,580 layoffs appear in matched WARN notices.

| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| H-1B filings | 7,109 |
| H-1B filings with wage data | 6,677 |
| Workers requested | 9,747 |
| US workers displaced (modeled) | 14,241 |
| Distinct employers | 1,847 |
| Filings below prevailing wage (share of compared filings) | 0.03% |
| Wage gap vs BLS | -9% |

| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Average offered wage | $96K |
| Average prevailing wage | $85K |
| Average BLS market wage | $106K |

County averages mix occupations and years. Offered wages and the latest available national BLS occupation medians are averaged separately over available records, so their populations can differ. This is a screening comparison, not a comparison of matched filings or a finding about an individual wage.

## US workers displaced (modeled)

| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Base rate (1.0 per certified worker) | 9,747 |
| Wage-gap multiplier | 1,914 |
| Matched WARN notice layoff counts | 2,580 |
| Certified filings | 7,109 |
| Filings below BLS median | 4,816 |
| **Total (modeled)** | **14,241** |
| Exposure method version | v1.2 |

These are derived estimates, not raw counts. The formula and every component are shown on the full HTML page.

## Modeled consequence estimates

**Conditional impacts associated with modeled displacement**

These are conditional population estimates scaled from Montgomery County's current modeled displacement count. They are not observed outcomes, a prediction about any person, or evidence that this entity caused displacement.

[Explore Montgomery County’s scenario: Earnings · children · health · adjust the worker count](https://www.xh1b.org/downstream?workers=14240.784&entity=Montgomery%20County#downstream-explorer)

| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Exposure method version | Exposure method v1.2 (stored with this aggregate) · benchmarked to the latest BLS survey. |
| Consequence parameters v1.54; build | `v1.54+engine0.4.1+d84162591c94d06c8148c4834ae705ff3f9a015c29955d95d26749834cd136ed+national-reference1` |

| Outcome | Applicability | Estimate | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Excess deaths over 20 years | Illustrative reference calculation · population applicability is not established | 409.546846416 | 160.383777558 to 713.400689754 |
| Child lifetime earnings lost | Illustrative reference calculation · population applicability is not established | $6,819,826,673.67 | $1,771,383,551.60 to $11,513,993,085.41 |

20-year reference scenario: high-seniority male displacement effect. This is not an expected count for an unknown population.

Source-profile mortality point (deaths): 409.546846416

No sustained excess from year 7 (deaths): 292.268617275

Declared structural comparison; not a confidence interval or a model probability.

Baseline population: US prime-age men (45-54).

Canadian father–son firm-closure effect, applied to a US male lifetime-earnings baseline in 2024 dollars. The reference result uses 2 children per worker.

Baseline population: US male median lifetime earnings.

The mortality effect comes from a high-seniority male study cohort. Treat the count as a reference scenario unless the population matches. A mixed population needs a reviewed transport rule.

The range is the engine's parameter-support envelope: it varies declared parameters only and adds none of the exposure input's uncertainty.

### The math, limits, and citations

Illustrative reference calculation scaled by the supplied worker-equivalent exposure. Two children per worker; 20-year mortality follow-up. This does not establish that an entity caused these outcomes.

Input SHA-256: `a771d456f24b73ab4a27e51e83ec07640a0d93114d4ffc968aae925e700d843d`

Excess deaths over 20 years: `{"status":"illustrative_reference_calculation","eligible_for_public_headline":false,"target_population":null,"decision":null,"transport_assumptions":["high-tenure male mass-layoff cohort, ages 45–54","Pennsylvania early-1980s response transported to target place and calendar time","fixed baseline age rate over follow-up; cohort aging is not modeled"],"reason":"Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."}`
Child lifetime earnings lost: `{"status":"illustrative_reference_calculation","eligible_for_public_headline":false,"target_population":null,"decision":null,"transport_assumptions":["Canadian father-son firm-closure estimate transported to the target families","US male synthetic career earnings convert a relative adult earnings effect to dollars","lifetime dollars are undiscounted; this is not an annual loss"],"reason":"Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."}`

Projection eligibility: `{"child":{"status":"direct_estimate","eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast":true,"reason":"direct displacement-to-child adult earnings estimate; transport still requires an applicability decision"},"grandchild":{"status":"structural_projection","eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast":false,"reason":"combines a direct child estimate with an intergenerational persistence assumption; not an identified displacement intervention effect"},"greatgrandchild":{"status":"source_withdrawn","eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast":false,"reason":"source withdrawn for grandchild_earnings->greatgrandchild_earnings: The source measures earnings for three generations and education for four. It does not estimate .55 causal gap transmission to a fourth earnings generation. Retaining a projection would require an explicit uncalibrated assumption, not a source-identified default."}}`

Exposure source: `{"source":"one-worker normalized reference input","method":"scale by the stored warehouse worker-equivalent exposure at read time"}`

Exact values: excess deaths over 20 years 409.546846416 (range 160.383777558 to 713.400689754); child lifetime earnings lost $6,819,826,673.67 (range $1,771,383,551.60 to $11,513,993,085.41);

The displayed range is a parameter-support envelope, not a confidence interval.

Place reference: national reference.

Not included: exposure estimation error; baseline estimation error; unmodeled pathways.

Blocked model paths: local_service_jobs_lost: requires a documented net local loss of tradable jobs; worker displacement alone is not this exposure.

### Scenario assumptions, sensitivity and source records

Outcome statistics use the displayed exposure. Baselines, coefficients, annual family schedules and component records retain their source normalization.

```json
{
  "displayed_workers": 14240.784,
  "source_normalization_workers": 1,
  "applicability": {
    "excess_deaths": {
      "status": "illustrative_reference_calculation",
      "eligible_for_public_headline": false,
      "target_population": null,
      "decision": null,
      "transport_assumptions": [
        "high-tenure male mass-layoff cohort, ages 45–54",
        "Pennsylvania early-1980s response transported to target place and calendar time",
        "fixed baseline age rate over follow-up; cohort aging is not modeled"
      ],
      "reason": "Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."
    },
    "child_lifetime_earnings_lost_usd": {
      "status": "illustrative_reference_calculation",
      "eligible_for_public_headline": false,
      "target_population": null,
      "decision": null,
      "transport_assumptions": [
        "Canadian father-son firm-closure estimate transported to the target families",
        "US male synthetic career earnings convert a relative adult earnings effect to dollars",
        "lifetime dollars are undiscounted; this is not an annual loss"
      ],
      "reason": "Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."
    }
  },
  "target_population": null,
  "projection_eligibility": {
    "child": {
      "status": "direct_estimate",
      "eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast": true,
      "reason": "direct displacement-to-child adult earnings estimate; transport still requires an applicability decision"
    },
    "grandchild": {
      "status": "structural_projection",
      "eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast": false,
      "reason": "combines a direct child estimate with an intergenerational persistence assumption; not an identified displacement intervention effect"
    },
    "greatgrandchild": {
      "status": "source_withdrawn",
      "eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast": false,
      "reason": "source withdrawn for grandchild_earnings->greatgrandchild_earnings: The source measures earnings for three generations and education for four. It does not estimate .55 causal gap transmission to a fourth earnings generation. Retaining a projection would require an explicit uncalibrated assumption, not a source-identified default."
    }
  },
  "child_applicability": {
    "source": "oreopoulos2008",
    "source_age_at_displacement": [
      10,
      14
    ],
    "source_child_sex": "Male",
    "source_parent_sex": "Male",
    "source_geography": "Canada",
    "source_event": "father firm closure 1980-1982",
    "target_child_profiles": null,
    "incompatible_children": [],
    "unknown_children": [],
    "source_income_quartile": null,
    "income_rank_definition": null,
    "eligible_for_reviewed_transport": false,
    "status": "unknown",
    "limitations": [
      "No response curve across child ages is identified by this narrow cohort.",
      "Income groups refer to father's average pre-displacement income in 1978-1979; target rank mapping requires a transport argument.",
      "A subgroup's nonsignificant coefficient is retained with its uncertainty, not replaced with zero."
    ]
  },
  "child_valuation": null,
  "assumptions": {
    "mortality_method": "odds_survival",
    "mortality_timing": "Source-offset profile: displacement, +1, +2–3, +4–5, and +6+; displacement is follow-up year 1, so offset +6 begins in follow-up year 7. Annual baseline rates use a constant-hazard rate-to-risk conversion; odds ratios modify annual risk, and survival compounds across phases. The selected baseline age rate is held fixed over the follow-up horizon.",
    "mortality_contract": {
      "method": "odds_survival",
      "timing": "source_profile",
      "baseline_conversion": "1-exp(-annual_rate)",
      "phases": [
        {
          "phase": "displacement",
          "start_offset": 0,
          "duration_years": 1,
          "first_follow_up_year": 1
        },
        {
          "phase": "offset_1",
          "start_offset": 1,
          "duration_years": 1,
          "first_follow_up_year": 2
        },
        {
          "phase": "offsets_2_3",
          "start_offset": 2,
          "duration_years": 2,
          "first_follow_up_year": 3
        },
        {
          "phase": "offsets_4_5",
          "start_offset": 4,
          "duration_years": 2,
          "first_follow_up_year": 5
        },
        {
          "phase": "offset_6_plus",
          "start_offset": 6,
          "duration_years": null,
          "first_follow_up_year": 7
        }
      ],
      "description": "Source-offset profile: displacement, +1, +2–3, +4–5, and +6+; displacement is follow-up year 1, so offset +6 begins in follow-up year 7. Annual baseline rates use a constant-hazard rate-to-risk conversion; odds ratios modify annual risk, and survival compounds across phases. The selected baseline age rate is held fixed over the follow-up horizon."
    },
    "place_application": "initial_only",
    "place_counterfactual": "national child-dollar result is the reference"
  },
  "exposure_provenance": {
    "source": "one-worker normalized reference input",
    "method": "scale by the stored warehouse worker-equivalent exposure at read time"
  },
  "place": null,
  "place_mix": [],
  "input_content_sha256": "a771d456f24b73ab4a27e51e83ec07640a0d93114d4ffc968aae925e700d843d",
  "engine_version": "0.4.1",
  "bundle_sha256": "d84162591c94d06c8148c4834ae705ff3f9a015c29955d95d26749834cd136ed",
  "exposure_input_sha256": "8b4c78f6529f0fbefd8fc3154c9e9b976065d910b4c6e9d55690e36d5c3cdeaa",
  "input_hash": null,
  "engine_sha256": "d84162591c94d06c8148c4834ae705ff3f9a015c29955d95d26749834cd136ed",
  "adapter_sha256": "5fe4b51a9cebfb247cfcd74c734a2b6cb0eae44fce1073917b01455525c6ae52",
  "outcomes": {
    "excess_deaths": {
      "point": 409.5468464155437,
      "low": 160.3837775577314,
      "high": 713.4006897540145,
      "unit": "deaths",
      "baseline": {
        "value": 0.004944,
        "annual_probability": 0.004931798548274205,
        "unit": "deaths_per_person_year",
        "citation": "cdc_wonder D76 (Underlying Cause of Death, 1999-2020), Male 45-54 years, pooled 2015-2019: 514314 deaths / 104024440 person-years = 494.4 per 100k; pulled 2026-09-06 via scraper.cli wonder-mortality into warehouse wonder_mortality",
        "population": "US prime-age men (45-54)",
        "notes": "Pre-pandemic window: excludes 2020 (COVID-distorted; 2020 crude rate 601.5/100k). Single-year 2019 = 490.0/100k. Ages 45-54 match the Sullivan & von Wachter prime-age counterfactual population",
        "sex": "Male",
        "age": "45-54 years",
        "years": "2015-2019",
        "cause": "All causes",
        "geography": "US"
      },
      "steps": [
        {
          "link": "earnings_shock->mortality_peak",
          "phase": "displacement",
          "point": 2.6698,
          "low": 2.1144,
          "high": 3.3711,
          "citation": "sullivan2009",
          "tier": "canonical",
          "population_scope": "US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959",
          "evidence_role": "conditional"
        },
        {
          "link": "earnings_shock->mortality_offset_1",
          "phase": "offset_1",
          "point": 1.9838,
          "low": 1.3697,
          "high": 2.8732,
          "citation": "sullivan2009",
          "tier": "canonical",
          "population_scope": "US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959",
          "evidence_role": "conditional"
        },
        {
          "link": "earnings_shock->mortality_offsets_2_3",
          "phase": "offsets_2_3",
          "point": 1.7315,
          "low": 1.3238,
          "high": 2.2649,
          "citation": "sullivan2009",
          "tier": "canonical",
          "population_scope": "US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959",
          "evidence_role": "conditional"
        },
        {
          "link": "earnings_shock->mortality_offsets_4_5",
          "phase": "offsets_4_5",
          "point": 1.2712,
          "low": 0.97,
          "high": 1.6661,
          "citation": "sullivan2009",
          "tier": "canonical",
          "population_scope": "US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959",
          "evidence_role": "conditional"
        },
        {
          "link": "earnings_shock->mortality_sustained",
          "phase": "offset_6_plus",
          "point": 1.1354,
          "low": 1.0335,
          "high": 1.2474,
          "citation": "sullivan2009",
          "tier": "canonical",
          "population_scope": "US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959",
          "evidence_role": "conditional"
        }
      ],
      "components": {
        "follow_up_years": 20,
        "method": "odds_survival",
        "timing": "source_profile"
      },
      "applicability": {
        "status": "illustrative_reference_calculation",
        "eligible_for_public_headline": false,
        "target_population": null,
        "decision": null,
        "transport_assumptions": [
          "high-tenure male mass-layoff cohort, ages 45–54",
          "Pennsylvania early-1980s response transported to target place and calendar time",
          "fixed baseline age rate over follow-up; cohort aging is not modeled"
        ],
        "reason": "Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."
      },
      "interpretation": "Conditional modeled expected difference; parameter bands are support envelopes, not a confidence interval.",
      "persistence_sensitivity": {
        "available": true,
        "status": "declared_structural_sensitivity",
        "eligible_for_public_headline": false,
        "unit": "deaths",
        "variants": {
          "source_profile": {
            "point": 409.5468464155437,
            "low": 160.3837775577314,
            "high": 713.4006897540145,
            "evidence_status": "source_profile_with_transport_assumptions",
            "citations": [
              "sullivan2009"
            ]
          },
          "no_sustained_excess": {
            "point": 292.2686172748071,
            "low": 130.8851284672254,
            "high": 503.5722892352366,
            "evidence_status": "structural_assumption",
            "motivating_citations": [
              "eliasonstorrie2009"
            ],
            "assumption": "Retain source odds through offset +5; set offset +6 onward OR=1.",
            "first_changed_follow_up_year": 7,
            "fixed_late_odds_ratio": 1
          }
        },
        "source_minus_no_sustained_point": 117.27822914073658,
        "structural_point_range": {
          "low": 292.2686172748071,
          "high": 409.5468464155437,
          "interpretation": "Range of point estimates across these two assumptions; not a confidence interval or a bound on the true effect."
        },
        "shared_inputs": [
          "exposure",
          "resolved mortality baseline",
          "follow-up horizon",
          "source odds through offset +5"
        ],
        "limitations": [
          "No probabilities or model-average weights are assigned to the structures.",
          "A nonsignificant long-run estimate does not establish an exactly zero effect.",
          "The Swedish study differs in population, design, effect scale and follow-up; this hybrid does not reproduce its estimates or substitute its hazard ratios for odds ratios.",
          "The cutoff follows the source profile's offset +6 phase, not the Swedish study's windows; persistence beyond its 12-year follow-up is an assumption in either direction.",
          "Baseline aging and target-population transport remain unresolved in both structures."
        ]
      }
    },
    "child_lifetime_earnings_lost_usd": {
      "point": 6819826673.66838,
      "low": 1771383551.6021776,
      "high": 11513993085.414145,
      "steps": [
        {
          "link": "displacement->child_earnings",
          "kind": "direct",
          "citation": "oreopoulos2008",
          "tier": "EXACT",
          "param_point": 0.9076,
          "param_low": 0.844,
          "param_high": 0.976,
          "value_point": 0.9076,
          "value_low": 0.844,
          "value_high": 0.976,
          "causal_role": "direct_displacement_estimate",
          "population_scope": "Canada 39k father-son pairs firm closures",
          "evidence_role": "conditional"
        }
      ],
      "unit": "usd_2024",
      "baseline": {
        "value": 2591418,
        "unit": "usd_2024",
        "citation": "SSA Annual Statistical Supplement 2025, Table 4.B6 (CWHS/Master Earnings File, 1 percent sample): male median earnings by age, 2023 (preliminary) — synthetic career ages 20-64 = 5x(24218+42561+52485+60423+64962+67506+68160+64854)+2x60666+3x56666 = 2517175 usd_2023; CPI-U annual averages 304.702->313.689 (BLS series CUUR0000SA0, pulled 2026-09-06) -> 2591418 usd_2024; warehouse ssa_median_earnings (pulled via ssa-earnings-download)",
        "population": "US male median lifetime earnings",
        "notes": "Derivation declared: the cross-sectional age profile summed over a 45-year working life (ages 20-64) is a synthetic cohort — the sum of age-band medians approximates rather than equals the median of individual lifetime sums; median-of-workers semantics excludes non-working years; 2023 medians are preliminary (SSA replaces them with final data in a later edition)"
      },
      "applicability": {
        "status": "illustrative_reference_calculation",
        "eligible_for_public_headline": false,
        "target_population": null,
        "decision": null,
        "transport_assumptions": [
          "Canadian father-son firm-closure estimate transported to the target families",
          "US male synthetic career earnings convert a relative adult earnings effect to dollars",
          "lifetime dollars are undiscounted; this is not an annual loss"
        ],
        "reason": "Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."
      },
      "interpretation": "Conditional modeled expected difference; parameter bands are support envelopes, not a confidence interval."
    }
  }
}
```

- Excess deaths over 20 years: sullivan2009 (earnings_shock->mortality_peak; canonical) Study population: US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959.
- Excess deaths over 20 years: sullivan2009 (earnings_shock->mortality_offset_1; canonical) Study population: US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959.
- Excess deaths over 20 years: sullivan2009 (earnings_shock->mortality_offsets_2_3; canonical) Study population: US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959.
- Excess deaths over 20 years: sullivan2009 (earnings_shock->mortality_offsets_4_5; canonical) Study population: US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959.
- Excess deaths over 20 years: sullivan2009 (earnings_shock->mortality_sustained; canonical) Study population: US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959.
- Child lifetime earnings lost: oreopoulos2008 (displacement->child_earnings; EXACT) Study population: Canada 39k father-son pairs firm closures.

Parameter set v1.54 · model v1.54+engine0.4.1+d84162591c94d06c8148c4834ae705ff3f9a015c29955d95d26749834cd136ed+national-reference1

## Filings by year

Calendar submission years 2007–2026. One row per filing.

| Year | Filings | Workers | Employers |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 24 | 24 | 13 |
| 2008 | 334 | 583 | 102 |
| 2009 | 156 | 365 | 71 |
| 2010 | 71 | 83 | 44 |
| 2011 | 329 | 561 | 139 |
| 2012 | 314 | 877 | 138 |
| 2013 | 307 | 484 | 146 |
| 2014 | 83 | 86 | 58 |
| 2015 | 486 | 586 | 208 |
| 2016 | 483 | 591 | 209 |
| 2017 | 620 | 798 | 270 |
| 2018 | 604 | 757 | 294 |
| 2019 | 712 | 779 | 323 |
| 2020 | 524 | 592 | 257 |
| 2021 | 439 | 706 | 231 |
| 2022 | 489 | 637 | 256 |
| 2023 | 455 | 526 | 260 |
| 2024 | 473 | 502 | 257 |
| 2025 | 464 | 481 | 248 |
| 2026 | 116 | 116 | 82 |

## Offered-wage percentiles (6,928 filings)

The distribution covers positive offers with wage unit Year, across all outcomes and visa classes. It differs from the certified H-1B summary cohort. Hourly and other wage units are outside this distribution.

| p10 | p25 | Median | p75 | p90 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| $57K | $71K | $91K | $114K | $140K |

## Top employers (of 1,926)

| Employer | Filings | Workers | Avg wage | BLS gap |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [Infosys Limited](https://www.xh1b.org/org/infosys-limited-08dee2e784) | 218 | 600 | $86K | - |
| [AA Software & Networking Inc](https://www.xh1b.org/org/aa-software-networking-inc-40b48795ef) | 194 | 194 | $66K | - |
| [Wipro Limited](https://www.xh1b.org/org/wipro-limited-de03ffe48e) | 145 | 849 | $74K | - |
| [Anadarko Petroleum Corporation](https://www.xh1b.org/org/anadarko-petroleum-corporation-ccdf8a2d01) | 139 | 139 | $139K | - |
| [McKesson Corporation](https://www.xh1b.org/org/mckesson-corporation-30aede1210) | 107 | 107 | $103K | - |
| [Entergy Services, LLC](https://www.xh1b.org/org/entergy-services-llc-66b561e510) | 101 | 101 | $109K | - |
| [Accenture LLP](https://www.xh1b.org/org/accenture-llp-85416f5741) | 93 | 103 | $117K | - |
| [Larsen & Toubro Infotech Limited](https://www.xh1b.org/org/larsen-toubro-infotech-limited-6f7c20036a) | 92 | 92 | $72K | - |
| [Splendora Independent School District](https://www.xh1b.org/org/splendora-independent-school-district-6e523bcbcc) | 81 | 81 | $57K | - |
| [Global Shop Solutions, Inc.](https://www.xh1b.org/org/global-shop-solutions-inc-394c2c7534) | 79 | 94 | $77K | - |

## SOC breakdown (of 147)

| SOC | Title | Filings | Workers | Avg wage | Gap | Wage theft |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15-1252 | Software Developers | 549 | 619 | $115K | -16% | $15.4M |
| 25-2021 | Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education | 113 | 351 | $55K | -14% | $5.6M |
| 17-2071 | Electrical Engineers | 126 | 139 | $103K | -15% | $3.8M |
| 15-1299 | Computer Occupations, All Other | 176 | 209 | $113K | -3% | $3.4M |
| 11-3021 | Computer and Information Systems Managers | 79 | 100 | $152K | -13% | $3.4M |
| 17-2051 | Civil Engineers | 135 | 136 | $86K | -15% | $2.9M |
| 17-2171 | Petroleum Engineers | 98 | 102 | $137K | -5% | $2.5M |
| 17-2141 | Mechanical Engineers | 181 | 181 | $106K | 1% | $2.3M |

## WARN mass-layoff notices

| Employer | Laid off | City | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| [Saddle Creek Corporation](https://www.xh1b.org/org/saddle-creek-corporation-e3df98361e) | 168 | New Caney | 2026-06-11 |
| [Main Street Sports Group, LLC.](https://www.xh1b.org/org/main-street-sports-group-llc-3436d473fe) | 18 | The Woodlands | 2026-04-14 |
| [Advanced Auto Parts # 8046 (Spring)](https://www.xh1b.org/org/advanced-auto-parts-8046-spring-9e1fa1bf15) | 11 | Spring | 2025-02-15 |
| [Advanced Auto Parts # 7993 (Conroe)](https://www.xh1b.org/org/advanced-auto-parts-7993-conroe-1432e8f48c) | 6 | Conroe | 2025-01-29 |
| [99 Cents Only Store LLC. (Conroe)](https://www.xh1b.org/org/99-cents-only-store-llc-conroe-b70540273e) | 20 | Conroe | 2024-06-03 |

## Medical workforce: Local supply vs H-1B

AHRF county-level data cross-referenced with H-1B medical LCAs. Comparisons are against the median US county.

| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| MDs per 100k residents | 195 (US county median 75) |
| Active MDs (non-federal) | 1,390 |
| Nurse Practitioners per 100k | 94 (US county median 96) |
| County population | 711,354 |
| Primary Care HPSA designations | 2 |
| H-1B medical workers certified | 135 |
| H-1B medical median vs BLS | 55% of BLS ($81K vs $146K) |

## Immigration law firms (of 632)

| Firm | LCAs filed | Below prevailing |
|---|---|---|
| [Fragomen, Del Rey, Bernsen & Loewy, LLP](https://www.xh1b.org/firm/Fragomen%2C%20Del%20Rey%2C%20Bernsen%20%26%20Loewy%2C%20LLP) | 205 | 0% |
| [Foster LLP](https://www.xh1b.org/firm/Foster%20LLP) | 153 | 0% |
| [FRAGOMEN, del REY, Bernsen & LOEWY, LLP](https://www.xh1b.org/firm/FRAGOMEN%2C%20DEL%20REY%2C%20BERNSEN%20%26%20LOEWY%2C%20LLP) | 88 | 0% |
| [Ware \| Immigration](https://www.xh1b.org/firm/Ware%20%7C%20Immigration) | 75 | 1% |
| [Berry Appleman & Leiden LLP](https://www.xh1b.org/firm/Berry%20Appleman%20%26%20Leiden%20LLP) | 60 | 0% |
| [LAW Office of Thomas V. Allen PLLC.](https://www.xh1b.org/firm/LAW%20OFFICE%20OF%20THOMAS%20V.%20ALLEN%20PLLC.) | 57 | 0% |
| [Ogletree, Deakins, Nash, Smoak & Stewart, P.C.](https://www.xh1b.org/firm/Ogletree%2C%20Deakins%2C%20Nash%2C%20Smoak%20%26%20Stewart%2C%20P.C.) | 54 | 0% |
| [McEntee Law Group, P.C.](https://www.xh1b.org/firm/McEntee%20Law%20Group%2C%20P.C.) | 48 | 0% |

## Federal contracts (of 1,070)

| Recipient | Agency | Action obligated | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| [LINDE ENGINEERING NORTH AMERICA LLC](https://www.xh1b.org/org/linde-engineering-north-america-llc-9967ff5dac) | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | $11.5M | 2026-04-14 |
| [SKYLLA ENGINEERING LTD.](https://www.xh1b.org/org/skylla-engineering-ltd-02856d64ea) | Department of Defense | $3.7M | 2026-03-27 |
| [M1A1 CONSTRUCTION SERVICES LLC](https://www.xh1b.org/org/m1a1-construction-services-llc-fc57d11efd) | Department of Veterans Affairs | $3.3M | 2026-06-25 |
| [EXCELERATE GAS MARKETING, LIMITED PARTNERSHIP](https://www.xh1b.org/org/excelerate-gas-marketing-limited-partner-79e3957708) | Department of Defense | $2.5M | 2026-05-27 |
| [AMERIFEN SOLUTIONS LLC](https://www.xh1b.org/org/amerifen-solutions-llc-120cc30dee) | Department of Veterans Affairs | $1.5M | 2026-02-04 |
| [CLOUD HARBOR ECONOMICS, LLC](https://www.xh1b.org/org/cloud-harbor-economics-llc-62feb5e8dd) | Department of Health and Human Services | $1.5M | 2026-04-15 |
| [DUAL SENSE, LLC](https://www.xh1b.org/org/dual-sense-llc-05d4d937c2) | Department of Defense | $1.4M | 2026-04-10 |
| [FRAUD INC](https://www.xh1b.org/org/fraud-inc-729e4ad2c1) | Department of Homeland Security | $1.0M | 2026-08-26 |

## Recent LCA filings (latest 10 of 7,864)

| Case number | Employer | Job title | Wage | Decision |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [I-200-26083-724190](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-26083-724190) | [Global Shop Solutions, Inc.](https://www.xh1b.org/org/global-shop-solutions-inc-394c2c7534) | Operations Research Analyst | $74K | 2026-03-31 |
| [I-200-26063-678784](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-26063-678784) | [SGS NORTH AMERICA, INC.](https://www.xh1b.org/org/sgs-north-america-inc-d8763d5463) | Senior Engineer | $96K | 2026-03-31 |
| [I-200-26082-721689](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-26082-721689) | [PUBLIC PARTNERSHIPS LLC](https://www.xh1b.org/org/public-partnerships-llc-1bbe9e9abd) | Cloud Network Engineer II | $140K | 2026-03-30 |
| [I-200-26082-722675](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-26082-722675) | [Transamerican Power Products, Inc. (TAPP, Inc.)](https://www.xh1b.org/org/transamerican-power-products-inc-tapp-in-3e08f7c85c) | Project Engineer | $84K | 2026-03-30 |
| [I-200-26082-722857](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-26082-722857) | [Oregon State University](https://www.xh1b.org/org/oregon-state-university-62efca47a0) | IT Project Coordinator | $104K | 2026-03-30 |
| [I-200-26079-719795](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-26079-719795) | [Endava, Inc.](https://www.xh1b.org/org/endava-inc-05d9fa3836) | Senior Developer | $110K | 2026-03-27 |
| [I-200-26080-720521](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-26080-720521) | [ZignEx, Inc](https://www.xh1b.org/org/zignex-inc-72f4fcc058) | Software Engineer | $102K | 2026-03-27 |
| [I-200-26079-718808](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-26079-718808) | [Open Avenues Foundation](https://www.xh1b.org/org/open-avenues-foundation-fbec18e69b) | Software Development Fellow | $106K | 2026-03-27 |
| [I-200-26079-718804](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-26079-718804) | [Open Avenues Foundation](https://www.xh1b.org/org/open-avenues-foundation-fbec18e69b) | Software Development Fellow | $106K | 2026-03-27 |
| [I-200-26079-717459](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-26079-717459) | [LTIMindtree Limited](https://www.xh1b.org/org/ltimindtree-limited-473d16cfa9) | Computer Systems Analysts | $96K | 2026-03-27 |

## Community well-being (Montgomery County)

CDC PLACES model-based small-area estimates (BRFSS survey year 2023); overdose mortality from NCHS. Values are local estimates, not survey counts. The gap column compares against the population-weighted average of all reporting areas for the same data year.

| Indicator | Data year | Local value | Gap vs benchmark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frequent mental distress | 2023 | 16.4% | 0.4 points above U.S. |
| Adult smoking | 2023 | 11.8% | 0.3 points below U.S. |
| Drug overdose deaths | 2021 | 25.5 | 6.6 below U.S. |

## More

- Full page (charts, tables, interactive): https://www.xh1b.org/county/48339
- JSON API: https://www.xh1b.org/api/county-lcas?fips=48339
- JSON API: https://www.xh1b.org/api/county-employers?fips=48339
- JSON API: https://www.xh1b.org/api/county-soc?fips=48339


## References

<a id="reference-data-lca-data-bls-data-dataset-warn-dataset-federal_contracts-calculation-method-indicators-method-displacement-method-downstream-method-ahrf-data-lca-data"></a>

1. Dataset documentation · DOL OFLC. [LCA public disclosure record layout (FY2026 Q3)](https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ETA/oflc/pdfs/FY26Q3/LCA_Record_Layout_FY2026_Q3.pdf). Pages 1–4: application, DOL outcome and dates, requested positions, employer, representatives, worksites and pay units. This layout covers determinations issued October 1, 2025 through June 30, 2026. It documents employer-provided application fields and DOL decisions, not USCIS decisions, payroll verification, legal bills or worker-linked moves. Older layouts can differ. Checked 2026-10-17.

<a id="reference-data-lca-data-bls-data-dataset-warn-dataset-federal_contracts-calculation-method-indicators-method-displacement-method-downstream-method-ahrf-data-bls-data"></a>

2. Dataset documentation · BLS. [OEWS technical notes (May 2025)](https://www.bls.gov/oes/2025/may/oes_tec.htm). Scope of the survey; occupational coding; concepts and estimation methodology. Documents occupation and geographic wage estimates, not an individual worker’s pay. Use the estimate year and geography stated by the site; older releases can differ. Checked 2026-10-17.

<a id="reference-data-lca-data-bls-data-dataset-warn-dataset-federal_contracts-calculation-method-indicators-method-displacement-method-downstream-method-ahrf-data-dataset-warn"></a>
<a id="reference-data-lca-data-bls-data-dataset-warn-dataset-federal_contracts-calculation-method-indicators-method-displacement-method-downstream-method-ahrf-data-calculation-method"></a>
<a id="reference-data-lca-data-bls-data-dataset-warn-dataset-federal_contracts-calculation-method-indicators-method-displacement-method-downstream-method-ahrf-data-indicators-method"></a>

3. XH1B method or registry · XH1B. [WARN Notices (mass layoffs): source registry; Calculation and Matching Methods; Reading Public Records and Derived Indicators](https://www.xh1b.org/data-sources). Source registry entry: warn; Filing units, annualization, weighting, wage comparisons, and inference limits; Reading records: units, source coverage, wage gaps, entity links, and inference limits. XH1B dataset description: One row per source_notice_id. The definition of a mass layoff and the layoff threshold vary by state. The threshold is typically 50 or more employees.; These are the site's review methods, not validated predictions of wrongdoing. Inspect underlying records and alternative explanations.

<a id="reference-data-lca-data-bls-data-dataset-warn-dataset-federal_contracts-calculation-method-indicators-method-displacement-method-downstream-method-ahrf-data-dataset-federal_contracts"></a>

4. Dataset documentation · USAspending / U.S. Treasury. [Federal Spending Guide: contract transactions](https://www.usaspending.gov/data/Federal-Spending-Guide.pdf#page=9). Pages 3, 5, 9 and 17: transactions, amount fields and recipient identifiers. Contract downloads contain prime award transactions. XH1B’s use of recipient identifiers for employer links is its own processing step. Checked 2026-10-18.

<a id="reference-data-lca-data-bls-data-dataset-warn-dataset-federal_contracts-calculation-method-indicators-method-displacement-method-downstream-method-ahrf-data-displacement-method"></a>

5. XH1B method or registry · XH1B. [Displacement Model and Assumptions](https://www.xh1b.org/displacement). Eligibility, requested-position weighting, scopes, WARN matching, and counting limits. Model outputs are estimates. A matched layoff notice does not prove that an H-1B worker replaced a laid-off worker.

<a id="reference-data-lca-data-bls-data-dataset-warn-dataset-federal_contracts-calculation-method-indicators-method-displacement-method-downstream-method-ahrf-data-downstream-method"></a>

6. XH1B method or registry · XH1B. [Downstream Research and Methods](https://www.xh1b.org/downstream#downstream-methods). Study populations, parameter bounds, baselines, and expected outcomes; linked model card.

<a id="reference-data-lca-data-bls-data-dataset-warn-dataset-federal_contracts-calculation-method-indicators-method-displacement-method-downstream-method-ahrf-data-ahrf-data"></a>

7. Dataset documentation · HRSA. [Area Health Resources Files: 2024–2025 technical documentation](https://data.hrsa.gov/DataDownload/AHRF/AHRF_USER_TECH_2024-2025.zip). County User Guide: physicians, Table 10 NPI professions, population estimates and missing values; Technical Documentation: variable years and sources. Clinician categories and variable years differ. County APRN counts use NPI taxonomy; physician active and federal status matter. Release year is not the year of every measure. Checked 2026-10-18.