# ZIP 85501: H-1B profile
> ZIP profile: https://www.xh1b.org/zip/85501 · [county](https://www.xh1b.org/county/04007)
Employers in 85501 (AZ) logged 10 certified H-1B applications requesting 10 workers across 5 companies. The median offered wage is $375,000/yr. The largest filers are Abdul Memon MD PLLC dba Cardiovascular Associates of Arizona LLC, Abdul Memon MD PLLC dba Cardiovascular Associates and Liberty High School. The displacement model assigns 11 worker-equivalent exposures to these filings.
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| H-1B filings | 10 |
| Workers requested | 10 |
| US workers displaced (modeled) | 11 |
| Distinct employers | 5 |
| H-1B filings with offered wage data | 8 |
| Filings below prevailing wage (share with offered wage data) | 0% |
| Wage gap vs BLS | 42% |
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Average offered wage | $380K |
| Average prevailing wage | $185K |
| Average BLS market wage | $267K |
Headline filing and employer counts use certified H-1B records. The below-prevailing share uses filings with offered wage data as its denominator. Offered, prevailing and BLS averages use independently available values; their populations can differ. The BLS reference averages national occupation medians linked to certified filings, using each occupation's latest available year. It is not a ZIP-wide market median. The employer list includes all LCA outcomes and visa classes; quality-flagged rows are excluded.
## Top employers (of 5)
| Employer | Filings | Workers | Avg wage |
|---|---|---|---|
| [Abdul Memon MD PLLC dba Cardiovascular Associates of Arizona LLC](https://www.xh1b.org/org/abdul-memon-md-pllc-dba-cardiovascular-a-6d5c5f0f0d) | 5 | 5 | $420K |
| [Abdul Memon MD PLLC dba Cardiovascular Associates](https://www.xh1b.org/org/abdul-memon-md-pllc-dba-cardiovascular-a-5672ce6954) | 2 | 2 | $375K |
| [Gila County Regional School District # 49](https://www.xh1b.org/org/gila-county-regional-school-district-49-3b06a4d45b) | 1 | 1 | -- |
| [Liberty High School](https://www.xh1b.org/org/liberty-high-school-a2d31a77a2) | 1 | 1 | -- |
| [Desert Kidney ASSOCIATES, PLC](https://www.xh1b.org/org/desert-kidney-associates-plc-c77c3663b1) | 1 | 1 | $188K |
## SOC breakdown (of 5)
| SOC | Title | Filings | Workers | Avg wage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 29-1069 | Physicians and Surgeons, All Other | 2 | 2 | $375K |
| 29-1212 | Cardiologists | 2 | 2 | $375K |
| 29-1229 | Physicians, All Other | 2 | 2 | $475K |
| 29-1063 | Internists, General | 1 | 1 | $188K |
| 29-1249 | Surgeons, All Other | 1 | 1 | $400K |
## Recent LCA filings (latest 10 of 10)
| Case number | Employer | Job title | Wage | Decision | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [I-200-26020-573372](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-26020-573372) | [Abdul Memon MD PLLC dba Cardiovascular Associates of Arizona LLC](https://www.xh1b.org/org/abdul-memon-md-pllc-dba-cardiovascular-a-6d5c5f0f0d) | Interventional Cardiologist | $550K | 2026-01-27 | Certified |
| [I-200-24192-186355](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-24192-186355) | [Abdul Memon MD PLLC dba Cardiovascular Associates of Arizona LLC](https://www.xh1b.org/org/abdul-memon-md-pllc-dba-cardiovascular-a-6d5c5f0f0d) | Vascular Surgeon | $400K | 2024-07-17 | Certified |
| [I-200-23114-961476](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-23114-961476) | [Abdul Memon MD PLLC dba Cardiovascular Associates of Arizona LLC](https://www.xh1b.org/org/abdul-memon-md-pllc-dba-cardiovascular-a-6d5c5f0f0d) | Interventional Cardiologist | $400K | 2023-05-01 | Certified |
| [I-200-23059-811211](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-23059-811211) | [Abdul Memon MD PLLC, DBA Cardiovascular Associates of Arizona](https://www.xh1b.org/org/abdul-memon-md-pllc-dba-cardiovascular-a-6d5c5f0f0d) | Interventional Cardiologist | $375K | 2023-03-07 | Certified |
| [I-200-23047-780117](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-23047-780117) | [Abdul Memon MD PLLC, DBA Cardiovascular Associates of Arizona](https://www.xh1b.org/org/abdul-memon-md-pllc-dba-cardiovascular-a-6d5c5f0f0d) | Interventional Cardiologist | $375K | 2023-02-28 | Certified - Withdrawn |
| [I-200-20140-586926](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-20140-586926) | [Abdul Memon MD PLLC dba Cardiovascular Associates](https://www.xh1b.org/org/abdul-memon-md-pllc-dba-cardiovascular-a-5672ce6954) | Cardiologist | $375K | 2020-05-27 | Certified |
| [I-200-20121-531290](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-20121-531290) | [Abdul Memon MD PLLC dba Cardiovascular Associates](https://www.xh1b.org/org/abdul-memon-md-pllc-dba-cardiovascular-a-5672ce6954) | Cardiologist | $375K | 2020-05-07 | Certified |
| [I-200-17040-027993](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-17040-027993) | [DESERT KIDNEY ASSOCIATES, PLC](https://www.xh1b.org/org/desert-kidney-associates-plc-c77c3663b1) | NEPHROLOGIST | $188K | 2017-07-24 | CERTIFIED-WITHDRAWN |
| [I-200-15079-618574](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-15079-618574) | [LIBERTY HIGH SCHOOL](https://www.xh1b.org/org/liberty-high-school-a2d31a77a2) | TEACHER | - | 2015-03-26 | CERTIFIED |
| [I-200-14314-470339](https://www.xh1b.org/lca/I-200-14314-470339) | [GILA COUNTY REGIONAL SCHOOL DISTRICT # 49](https://www.xh1b.org/org/gila-county-regional-school-district-49-3b06a4d45b) | SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHER | - | 2014-11-17 | CERTIFIED |
_ZIP-level displacement uses the LCA formula only (no WARN component)._
## Modeled consequence estimates
**Conditional impacts associated with modeled displacement**
These are conditional population estimates scaled from ZIP 85501's current modeled displacement count. They are not observed outcomes, a prediction about any person, or evidence that this entity caused displacement.
[Explore ZIP 85501’s scenario: Earnings · children · health · adjust the worker count](https://www.xh1b.org/downstream?workers=10.522&entity=ZIP%2085501#downstream-explorer)
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Exposure method version | Exposure method v1.2 (stored with this aggregate) · benchmarked to the latest BLS survey. |
| Consequence parameters v1.54; build | `v1.54+engine0.4.1+d84162591c94d06c8148c4834ae705ff3f9a015c29955d95d26749834cd136ed+national-reference1` |
| Outcome | Applicability | Estimate | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Excess deaths over 20 years | Illustrative reference calculation · population applicability is not established | 0.302599345512 | 0.118501769809 to 0.527105955514 |
| Child lifetime earnings lost | Illustrative reference calculation · population applicability is not established | $5,038,923.16 | $1,308,811.21 to $8,507,272.86 |
20-year reference scenario: high-seniority male displacement effect. This is not an expected count for an unknown population.
Source-profile mortality point (deaths): 0.302599345512
No sustained excess from year 7 (deaths): 0.215946705671
Declared structural comparison; not a confidence interval or a model probability.
Baseline population: US prime-age men (45-54).
Canadian father–son firm-closure effect, applied to a US male lifetime-earnings baseline in 2024 dollars. The reference result uses 2 children per worker.
Baseline population: US male median lifetime earnings.
The mortality effect comes from a high-seniority male study cohort. Treat the count as a reference scenario unless the population matches. A mixed population needs a reviewed transport rule.
The range is the engine's parameter-support envelope: it varies declared parameters only and adds none of the exposure input's uncertainty.
### The math, limits, and citations
Illustrative reference calculation scaled by the supplied worker-equivalent exposure. Two children per worker; 20-year mortality follow-up. This does not establish that an entity caused these outcomes.
Input SHA-256: `a771d456f24b73ab4a27e51e83ec07640a0d93114d4ffc968aae925e700d843d`
Excess deaths over 20 years: `{"status":"illustrative_reference_calculation","eligible_for_public_headline":false,"target_population":null,"decision":null,"transport_assumptions":["high-tenure male mass-layoff cohort, ages 45–54","Pennsylvania early-1980s response transported to target place and calendar time","fixed baseline age rate over follow-up; cohort aging is not modeled"],"reason":"Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."}`
Child lifetime earnings lost: `{"status":"illustrative_reference_calculation","eligible_for_public_headline":false,"target_population":null,"decision":null,"transport_assumptions":["Canadian father-son firm-closure estimate transported to the target families","US male synthetic career earnings convert a relative adult earnings effect to dollars","lifetime dollars are undiscounted; this is not an annual loss"],"reason":"Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."}`
Projection eligibility: `{"child":{"status":"direct_estimate","eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast":true,"reason":"direct displacement-to-child adult earnings estimate; transport still requires an applicability decision"},"grandchild":{"status":"structural_projection","eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast":false,"reason":"combines a direct child estimate with an intergenerational persistence assumption; not an identified displacement intervention effect"},"greatgrandchild":{"status":"source_withdrawn","eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast":false,"reason":"source withdrawn for grandchild_earnings->greatgrandchild_earnings: The source measures earnings for three generations and education for four. It does not estimate .55 causal gap transmission to a fourth earnings generation. Retaining a projection would require an explicit uncalibrated assumption, not a source-identified default."}}`
Exposure source: `{"source":"one-worker normalized reference input","method":"scale by the stored warehouse worker-equivalent exposure at read time"}`
Exact values: excess deaths over 20 years 0.302599345512 (range 0.118501769809 to 0.527105955514); child lifetime earnings lost $5,038,923.16 (range $1,308,811.21 to $8,507,272.86);
The displayed range is a parameter-support envelope, not a confidence interval.
Place reference: national reference.
Not included: exposure estimation error; baseline estimation error; unmodeled pathways.
Blocked model paths: local_service_jobs_lost: requires a documented net local loss of tradable jobs; worker displacement alone is not this exposure.
### Scenario assumptions, sensitivity and source records
Outcome statistics use the displayed exposure. Baselines, coefficients, annual family schedules and component records retain their source normalization.
```json
{
"displayed_workers": 10.522,
"source_normalization_workers": 1,
"applicability": {
"excess_deaths": {
"status": "illustrative_reference_calculation",
"eligible_for_public_headline": false,
"target_population": null,
"decision": null,
"transport_assumptions": [
"high-tenure male mass-layoff cohort, ages 45–54",
"Pennsylvania early-1980s response transported to target place and calendar time",
"fixed baseline age rate over follow-up; cohort aging is not modeled"
],
"reason": "Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."
},
"child_lifetime_earnings_lost_usd": {
"status": "illustrative_reference_calculation",
"eligible_for_public_headline": false,
"target_population": null,
"decision": null,
"transport_assumptions": [
"Canadian father-son firm-closure estimate transported to the target families",
"US male synthetic career earnings convert a relative adult earnings effect to dollars",
"lifetime dollars are undiscounted; this is not an annual loss"
],
"reason": "Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."
}
},
"target_population": null,
"projection_eligibility": {
"child": {
"status": "direct_estimate",
"eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast": true,
"reason": "direct displacement-to-child adult earnings estimate; transport still requires an applicability decision"
},
"grandchild": {
"status": "structural_projection",
"eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast": false,
"reason": "combines a direct child estimate with an intergenerational persistence assumption; not an identified displacement intervention effect"
},
"greatgrandchild": {
"status": "source_withdrawn",
"eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast": false,
"reason": "source withdrawn for grandchild_earnings->greatgrandchild_earnings: The source measures earnings for three generations and education for four. It does not estimate .55 causal gap transmission to a fourth earnings generation. Retaining a projection would require an explicit uncalibrated assumption, not a source-identified default."
}
},
"child_applicability": {
"source": "oreopoulos2008",
"source_age_at_displacement": [
10,
14
],
"source_child_sex": "Male",
"source_parent_sex": "Male",
"source_geography": "Canada",
"source_event": "father firm closure 1980-1982",
"target_child_profiles": null,
"incompatible_children": [],
"unknown_children": [],
"source_income_quartile": null,
"income_rank_definition": null,
"eligible_for_reviewed_transport": false,
"status": "unknown",
"limitations": [
"No response curve across child ages is identified by this narrow cohort.",
"Income groups refer to father's average pre-displacement income in 1978-1979; target rank mapping requires a transport argument.",
"A subgroup's nonsignificant coefficient is retained with its uncertainty, not replaced with zero."
]
},
"child_valuation": null,
"assumptions": {
"mortality_method": "odds_survival",
"mortality_timing": "Source-offset profile: displacement, +1, +2–3, +4–5, and +6+; displacement is follow-up year 1, so offset +6 begins in follow-up year 7. Annual baseline rates use a constant-hazard rate-to-risk conversion; odds ratios modify annual risk, and survival compounds across phases. The selected baseline age rate is held fixed over the follow-up horizon.",
"mortality_contract": {
"method": "odds_survival",
"timing": "source_profile",
"baseline_conversion": "1-exp(-annual_rate)",
"phases": [
{
"phase": "displacement",
"start_offset": 0,
"duration_years": 1,
"first_follow_up_year": 1
},
{
"phase": "offset_1",
"start_offset": 1,
"duration_years": 1,
"first_follow_up_year": 2
},
{
"phase": "offsets_2_3",
"start_offset": 2,
"duration_years": 2,
"first_follow_up_year": 3
},
{
"phase": "offsets_4_5",
"start_offset": 4,
"duration_years": 2,
"first_follow_up_year": 5
},
{
"phase": "offset_6_plus",
"start_offset": 6,
"duration_years": null,
"first_follow_up_year": 7
}
],
"description": "Source-offset profile: displacement, +1, +2–3, +4–5, and +6+; displacement is follow-up year 1, so offset +6 begins in follow-up year 7. Annual baseline rates use a constant-hazard rate-to-risk conversion; odds ratios modify annual risk, and survival compounds across phases. The selected baseline age rate is held fixed over the follow-up horizon."
},
"place_application": "initial_only",
"place_counterfactual": "national child-dollar result is the reference"
},
"exposure_provenance": {
"source": "one-worker normalized reference input",
"method": "scale by the stored warehouse worker-equivalent exposure at read time"
},
"place": null,
"place_mix": [],
"input_content_sha256": "a771d456f24b73ab4a27e51e83ec07640a0d93114d4ffc968aae925e700d843d",
"engine_version": "0.4.1",
"bundle_sha256": "d84162591c94d06c8148c4834ae705ff3f9a015c29955d95d26749834cd136ed",
"exposure_input_sha256": "8b4c78f6529f0fbefd8fc3154c9e9b976065d910b4c6e9d55690e36d5c3cdeaa",
"input_hash": null,
"engine_sha256": "d84162591c94d06c8148c4834ae705ff3f9a015c29955d95d26749834cd136ed",
"adapter_sha256": "5fe4b51a9cebfb247cfcd74c734a2b6cb0eae44fce1073917b01455525c6ae52",
"outcomes": {
"excess_deaths": {
"point": 0.30259934551246276,
"low": 0.11850176980863202,
"high": 0.5271059555142287,
"unit": "deaths",
"baseline": {
"value": 0.004944,
"annual_probability": 0.004931798548274205,
"unit": "deaths_per_person_year",
"citation": "cdc_wonder D76 (Underlying Cause of Death, 1999-2020), Male 45-54 years, pooled 2015-2019: 514314 deaths / 104024440 person-years = 494.4 per 100k; pulled 2026-09-06 via scraper.cli wonder-mortality into warehouse wonder_mortality",
"population": "US prime-age men (45-54)",
"notes": "Pre-pandemic window: excludes 2020 (COVID-distorted; 2020 crude rate 601.5/100k). Single-year 2019 = 490.0/100k. Ages 45-54 match the Sullivan & von Wachter prime-age counterfactual population",
"sex": "Male",
"age": "45-54 years",
"years": "2015-2019",
"cause": "All causes",
"geography": "US"
},
"steps": [
{
"link": "earnings_shock->mortality_peak",
"phase": "displacement",
"point": 2.6698,
"low": 2.1144,
"high": 3.3711,
"citation": "sullivan2009",
"tier": "canonical",
"population_scope": "US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959",
"evidence_role": "conditional"
},
{
"link": "earnings_shock->mortality_offset_1",
"phase": "offset_1",
"point": 1.9838,
"low": 1.3697,
"high": 2.8732,
"citation": "sullivan2009",
"tier": "canonical",
"population_scope": "US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959",
"evidence_role": "conditional"
},
{
"link": "earnings_shock->mortality_offsets_2_3",
"phase": "offsets_2_3",
"point": 1.7315,
"low": 1.3238,
"high": 2.2649,
"citation": "sullivan2009",
"tier": "canonical",
"population_scope": "US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959",
"evidence_role": "conditional"
},
{
"link": "earnings_shock->mortality_offsets_4_5",
"phase": "offsets_4_5",
"point": 1.2712,
"low": 0.97,
"high": 1.6661,
"citation": "sullivan2009",
"tier": "canonical",
"population_scope": "US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959",
"evidence_role": "conditional"
},
{
"link": "earnings_shock->mortality_sustained",
"phase": "offset_6_plus",
"point": 1.1354,
"low": 1.0335,
"high": 1.2474,
"citation": "sullivan2009",
"tier": "canonical",
"population_scope": "US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959",
"evidence_role": "conditional"
}
],
"components": {
"follow_up_years": 20,
"method": "odds_survival",
"timing": "source_profile"
},
"applicability": {
"status": "illustrative_reference_calculation",
"eligible_for_public_headline": false,
"target_population": null,
"decision": null,
"transport_assumptions": [
"high-tenure male mass-layoff cohort, ages 45–54",
"Pennsylvania early-1980s response transported to target place and calendar time",
"fixed baseline age rate over follow-up; cohort aging is not modeled"
],
"reason": "Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."
},
"interpretation": "Conditional modeled expected difference; parameter bands are support envelopes, not a confidence interval.",
"persistence_sensitivity": {
"available": true,
"status": "declared_structural_sensitivity",
"eligible_for_public_headline": false,
"unit": "deaths",
"variants": {
"source_profile": {
"point": 0.30259934551246276,
"low": 0.11850176980863202,
"high": 0.5271059555142287,
"evidence_status": "source_profile_with_transport_assumptions",
"citations": [
"sullivan2009"
]
},
"no_sustained_excess": {
"point": 0.21594670567052496,
"low": 0.09670628539356721,
"high": 0.3720713429354142,
"evidence_status": "structural_assumption",
"motivating_citations": [
"eliasonstorrie2009"
],
"assumption": "Retain source odds through offset +5; set offset +6 onward OR=1.",
"first_changed_follow_up_year": 7,
"fixed_late_odds_ratio": 1
}
},
"source_minus_no_sustained_point": 0.0866526398419378,
"structural_point_range": {
"low": 0.21594670567052496,
"high": 0.30259934551246276,
"interpretation": "Range of point estimates across these two assumptions; not a confidence interval or a bound on the true effect."
},
"shared_inputs": [
"exposure",
"resolved mortality baseline",
"follow-up horizon",
"source odds through offset +5"
],
"limitations": [
"No probabilities or model-average weights are assigned to the structures.",
"A nonsignificant long-run estimate does not establish an exactly zero effect.",
"The Swedish study differs in population, design, effect scale and follow-up; this hybrid does not reproduce its estimates or substitute its hazard ratios for odds ratios.",
"The cutoff follows the source profile's offset +6 phase, not the Swedish study's windows; persistence beyond its 12-year follow-up is an assumption in either direction.",
"Baseline aging and target-population transport remain unresolved in both structures."
]
}
},
"child_lifetime_earnings_lost_usd": {
"point": 5038923.156220802,
"low": 1308811.2094080013,
"high": 8507272.861152,
"steps": [
{
"link": "displacement->child_earnings",
"kind": "direct",
"citation": "oreopoulos2008",
"tier": "EXACT",
"param_point": 0.9076,
"param_low": 0.844,
"param_high": 0.976,
"value_point": 0.9076,
"value_low": 0.844,
"value_high": 0.976,
"causal_role": "direct_displacement_estimate",
"population_scope": "Canada 39k father-son pairs firm closures",
"evidence_role": "conditional"
}
],
"unit": "usd_2024",
"baseline": {
"value": 2591418,
"unit": "usd_2024",
"citation": "SSA Annual Statistical Supplement 2025, Table 4.B6 (CWHS/Master Earnings File, 1 percent sample): male median earnings by age, 2023 (preliminary) — synthetic career ages 20-64 = 5x(24218+42561+52485+60423+64962+67506+68160+64854)+2x60666+3x56666 = 2517175 usd_2023; CPI-U annual averages 304.702->313.689 (BLS series CUUR0000SA0, pulled 2026-09-06) -> 2591418 usd_2024; warehouse ssa_median_earnings (pulled via ssa-earnings-download)",
"population": "US male median lifetime earnings",
"notes": "Derivation declared: the cross-sectional age profile summed over a 45-year working life (ages 20-64) is a synthetic cohort — the sum of age-band medians approximates rather than equals the median of individual lifetime sums; median-of-workers semantics excludes non-working years; 2023 medians are preliminary (SSA replaces them with final data in a later edition)"
},
"applicability": {
"status": "illustrative_reference_calculation",
"eligible_for_public_headline": false,
"target_population": null,
"decision": null,
"transport_assumptions": [
"Canadian father-son firm-closure estimate transported to the target families",
"US male synthetic career earnings convert a relative adult earnings effect to dollars",
"lifetime dollars are undiscounted; this is not an annual loss"
],
"reason": "Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."
},
"interpretation": "Conditional modeled expected difference; parameter bands are support envelopes, not a confidence interval."
}
}
}
```
- Excess deaths over 20 years: sullivan2009 (earnings_shock->mortality_peak; canonical) Study population: US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959.
- Excess deaths over 20 years: sullivan2009 (earnings_shock->mortality_offset_1; canonical) Study population: US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959.
- Excess deaths over 20 years: sullivan2009 (earnings_shock->mortality_offsets_2_3; canonical) Study population: US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959.
- Excess deaths over 20 years: sullivan2009 (earnings_shock->mortality_offsets_4_5; canonical) Study population: US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959.
- Excess deaths over 20 years: sullivan2009 (earnings_shock->mortality_sustained; canonical) Study population: US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959.
- Child lifetime earnings lost: oreopoulos2008 (displacement->child_earnings; EXACT) Study population: Canada 39k father-son pairs firm closures.
Parameter set v1.54 · model v1.54+engine0.4.1+d84162591c94d06c8148c4834ae705ff3f9a015c29955d95d26749834cd136ed+national-reference1
## Community well-being (ZIP 85501)
CDC PLACES model-based small-area estimates (BRFSS survey year 2023); overdose mortality from NCHS. Values are local estimates, not survey counts. The gap column compares against the population-weighted average of all reporting areas for the same data year.
| Indicator | Data year | Local value | Gap vs benchmark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Food insecurity | 2023 | 17.3% | 0.2 points above All ZIPs |
| Adults receiving SNAP | 2023 | 12.3% | 2.0 points below All ZIPs |
| Frequent mental distress | 2023 | 16.0% | 0.8 points below All ZIPs |
| Adult smoking | 2023 | 14.1% | 0.9 points above All ZIPs |
## More
- Full page (charts, tables, interactive): https://www.xh1b.org/zip/85501
- JSON API: https://www.xh1b.org/api/zip-lcas?zip=85501
- JSON API: https://www.xh1b.org/api/zip-employers?zip=85501
- JSON API: https://www.xh1b.org/api/zip-soc?zip=85501
## References
1. Dataset documentation · DOL OFLC. [LCA public disclosure record layout (FY2026 Q3)](https://www.dol.gov/sites/dolgov/files/ETA/oflc/pdfs/FY26Q3/LCA_Record_Layout_FY2026_Q3.pdf). Pages 1–4: application, DOL outcome and dates, requested positions, employer, representatives, worksites and pay units. This layout covers determinations issued October 1, 2025 through June 30, 2026. It documents employer-provided application fields and DOL decisions, not USCIS decisions, payroll verification, legal bills or worker-linked moves. Older layouts can differ. Checked 2026-10-17.
2. Dataset documentation · BLS. [OEWS technical notes (May 2025)](https://www.bls.gov/oes/2025/may/oes_tec.htm). Scope of the survey; occupational coding; concepts and estimation methodology. Documents occupation and geographic wage estimates, not an individual worker’s pay. Use the estimate year and geography stated by the site; older releases can differ. Checked 2026-10-17.
3. XH1B method or registry · XH1B. [WARN Notices (mass layoffs): source registry; Calculation and Matching Methods; Reading Public Records and Derived Indicators](https://www.xh1b.org/data-sources). Source registry entry: warn; Filing units, annualization, weighting, wage comparisons, and inference limits; Reading records: units, source coverage, wage gaps, entity links, and inference limits. XH1B dataset description: One row per source_notice_id. The definition of a mass layoff and the layoff threshold vary by state. The threshold is typically 50 or more employees.; These are the site's review methods, not validated predictions of wrongdoing. Inspect underlying records and alternative explanations.
4. Dataset documentation · USAspending / U.S. Treasury. [Federal Spending Guide: contract transactions](https://www.usaspending.gov/data/Federal-Spending-Guide.pdf#page=9). Pages 3, 5, 9 and 17: transactions, amount fields and recipient identifiers. Contract downloads contain prime award transactions. XH1B’s use of recipient identifiers for employer links is its own processing step. Checked 2026-10-18.
5. XH1B method or registry · XH1B. [Displacement Model and Assumptions](https://www.xh1b.org/displacement). Eligibility, requested-position weighting, scopes, WARN matching, and counting limits. Model outputs are estimates. A matched layoff notice does not prove that an H-1B worker replaced a laid-off worker.
6. XH1B method or registry · XH1B. [Downstream Research and Methods](https://www.xh1b.org/downstream#downstream-methods). Study populations, parameter bounds, baselines, and expected outcomes; linked model card.