Employer intelligence
Snap Inc.
Based in Santa Monica, CA 90405County 06037
BLS comparison: 2,668 certified H-1B wage filings and 3,878 requested workers have a benchmark; 14 eligible filings lack one. Both compared means use the same records and worker weights.
Read the record summaryEditorial analysis · based on linked public records
Understand this employer record
Certified H-1B filing history
The employer record contains 2,688 certified H-1B LCAs. DOL certification confirms an LCA decision; it does not establish a USCIS approval, a hire, or a current vacancy.
Latest recorded H-1B filing year
In calendar year 2026, the annual series records 53 filings and 53 worker requests. It groups H-1B LCAs by submission year across filing outcomes. Worker requests are not unique workers or confirmed hires.
That year includes 51 certified LCAs, 2 denied LCAs, and 0 withdrawn LCAs. Certified includes certified-withdrawn records.
The median annual offered wage for that year is $180,710/year. This is a filing wage offer, not a payroll observation.
The annual series excludes records flagged for data quality. Years can have different coverage, and the latest year can be incomplete. Check the annual table before comparing growth or outcomes.
Offered wages and occupation benchmarks
Among the 48 occupation comparisons displayed here, Software Developers, Applications has the most filings (1,017). Its average annual offered wage is $118,056/year, compared with a BLS national occupation median of $102,930/year.
This is a bounded sample of occupation averages from LCA records across statuses and visa classes. It excludes records flagged for data quality. A BLS comparison is a benchmark, not a legal finding. Occupation averages do not describe every filing or establish wages paid.
Linked public records
Available linked records include 3 WARN notices. Notices report planned or reported layoffs; a link does not establish that H-1B hiring caused a layoff.
Available linked records include 38 federal contract records. Contract records describe award actions and obligations, not necessarily payments received.
Available linked records include 3 court dockets. Inspect the docket for parties, claims, orders, and outcomes. A linked case is not a finding of liability.
Modeled exposure and official findings
The displacement model reports 4,767.867 worker-equivalent exposures for this employer record. This is a model output, not an observed count of displaced people or a verified layoff count.
The employer record carries an H-1B-dependent designation. This is a program classification, not a finding of fraud.
Source import recorded Sep 2, 2026
What the records contain / DOL & WARN disclosures
What XH1B calculates / Comparisons & modeled estimates
How to read these figures
The below-BLS flags come from the stored displacement model. Its denominator includes all clean certified H-1B filings. It uses the latest national BLS year and mapped occupation codes. The current wage summary uses eligible positive wage offers and filing-year BLS matches. These counts have different scopes. Displacement is a model result, not an observed count of job losses.
Definitions & methodology ↗Findings & context
Key findings
How to read ↗Connections that warrant a closer look.
- 40% flagged below BLS in displacement model
Stored model flags: 1,080 of 2,688 certified filings.
Calculated metricInspect evidence → - Layoffs and H-1B filings in this record
3 notices; inspect dates against filings.
Records to compareInspect evidence → - Federal contracting alongside visa filings
$859,080 in recorded awards.
Source recordInspect evidence → - Related litigation
3 cases; allegations and outcomes are distinct.
Source recordInspect evidence →
Context & calculation notes
- 40% flagged below BLS in displacement model
The stored displacement model flags 1,080 of 2,688 clean certified H-1B filings with positive offers below the latest national BLS occupational median. It maps occupation codes before comparison. The denominator includes filings without a usable wage or benchmark. The current wage summary uses eligible positive offers and filing-year BLS matches. These counts differ. A model flag is not a wage-law finding.
- Layoffs and H-1B filings in this record
3 matched WARN notices. Compare notice dates with filing activity; these totals alone do not establish replacement.
- Federal contracting alongside visa filings
$859,080 in recorded federal awards. Review agencies, award dates, and the original records.
- Related litigation
3 linked cases. Case allegations and outcomes must be assessed separately.
Connections alone do not establish causation or misconduct.
Filings & worker requests
↗All statuses; quality-flagged rows excluded. Latest year can be incomplete.
Outcomes, wages & source eventsWages against the benchmark
↗below BLS
- Most filingsSoftware Developers, Applications+15%$118,056 offered$102,930 BLS
- Largest below-benchmark gapTechnical Directors/Managers-27%$66,373 offered$90,360 BLS
- Largest above-benchmark gapManagement Analysts+68%$170,862 offered$101,860 BLS
Selected comparisons from 48 occupation averages. An above-benchmark average can include individual below-benchmark filings.
All wages, counts & methodologyWorksite distribution
County color shows filing volume. Hover for county-level wage comparisons; click to inspect its records.
Volume uses a logarithmic scale. Counties without a BLS benchmark have no wage comparison.
Inspect all worksite records →Original records behind the employer profile · Swipe for more record types →
Source catalog ↗| Effective | Location | Workers |
|---|---|---|
| Palo Alto, CALayoff Permanent | 73 | |
| Donald Douglas Loop N Santa Monica, CALayoff Permanent | 247 | |
| Bellevue, WALayoff Permanent | 95 |
| Filed | Case | Docket |
|---|---|---|
| Hernandez v. META PLATFORMS, INC., formerly known as Facebook, Inc. | 4:26-cv-07987 | |
| Njeru v. META PLATFORMS, INC., formerly known as Facebook, Inc. | 4:26-cv-07419 | |
| Felton v. META PLATFORMS, INC., formerly known as Facebook, Inc. | 4:26-cv-07406 |
No linked records in the loaded evidence. Coverage can be incomplete.
Inspect evidence & coverageWages & occupations
Compare wage offers with occupational benchmarks. Inspect the counts and assumptions behind each gap.Wage gap by occupation
How Snap Inc.’s offered H-1B wage compares to the BLS market median for the year each filing was made. A role’s gap covers its filings that have a benchmark for their filing year; the rest are excluded. Negative gaps are below the benchmark.
Top 48 of 55 recorded occupations. An occupation without a market benchmark has no gap to show.
| Occupation | Filings | Offered avg. | BLS median | Gap |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Software Developers, Applications15-1132 | 1,017 | $118,056 | $102,930 | +15% |
| Software Developers15-1252 | 784 | $169,747 | $133,634 | +27% |
| Computer Occupations, All Other15-1199 | 114 | $93,223 | $89,942 | +4% |
| Business Intelligence Analysts15-2051 | 95 | $147,811 | $114,366 | +29% |
| Statisticians15-2041 | 93 | $109,195 | $92,555 | +18% |
| Computer Systems Engineers/Architects15-1299 | 66 | $131,693 | $108,722 | +21% |
| Architectural and Engineering Managers11-9041 | 59 | $187,173 | $149,764 | +25% |
| Computer and Information Systems Managers11-3021 | 58 | $205,811 | $160,508 | +28% |
Compare on a chart / export data
Wages against industry peers
Median H-1B wage for Snap Inc. against the NAICS 541 cohort (107,779 employers in the same industry).
Compare on a chart / export data
Modeled displacement estimate
4,768
The math
1080 of 2688 filings below BLS median
3 notices filed
Σ workers×(1+wage_gap) + Σ WARN layoffs. The 1.0 base rate per certified H-1B worker request is a site model assumption. Wage gap multiplier = (BLS median − offered wage) / BLS median, applied only to filings offering less than the BLS median. Related research provides context, not validation of these exact coefficients. This is a modeled estimate, not a count of actual displacements. WARN layoff counts are government-reported.
Exposure method v1.2 · This is a modeled worker-equivalent count.
Modeled consequence estimates
Conditional impacts associated with modeled displacement
These are conditional population estimates scaled from Snap Inc.'s current modeled displacement count. They are not observed outcomes, a prediction about any person, or evidence that this entity caused displacement.
Exposure method v1.2 (stored with this aggregate) · benchmarked to the latest BLS survey. Consequence parameters v1.54; build v1.54+engine0.4.1+d84162591c94d06c8148c4834ae705ff3f9a015c29955d95d26749834cd136ed+national-reference1
Excess deaths over 20 years
Illustrative reference calculation · population applicability is not established
137.12
Range: 53.7 to 238.85
20-year reference scenario: high-seniority male displacement effect. This is not an expected count for an unknown population.
- Source-profile mortality point (deaths)
- 137.117794496
- No sustained excess from year 7 (deaths)
- 97.8526108844
Declared structural comparison; not a confidence interval or a model probability.
Baseline population: US prime-age men (45-54).
Child lifetime earnings lost
Illustrative reference calculation · population applicability is not established
$2.3B
Range: $593.1M to $3.9B
Canadian father–son firm-closure effect, applied to a US male lifetime-earnings baseline in 2024 dollars. The reference result uses 2 children per worker.
Baseline population: US male median lifetime earnings.
The mortality effect comes from a high-seniority male study cohort. Treat the count as a reference scenario unless the population matches. A mixed population needs a reviewed transport rule.
The range is the engine's parameter-support envelope: it varies declared parameters only and adds none of the exposure input's uncertainty.
The math, limits, and citations
Illustrative reference calculation scaled by the supplied worker-equivalent exposure. Two children per worker; 20-year mortality follow-up. This does not establish that an entity caused these outcomes.
Input SHA-256: a771d456f24b73ab4a27e51e83ec07640a0d93114d4ffc968aae925e700d843d
Excess deaths over 20 years: {"status":"illustrative_reference_calculation","eligible_for_public_headline":false,"target_population":null,"decision":null,"transport_assumptions":["high-tenure male mass-layoff cohort, ages 45–54","Pennsylvania early-1980s response transported to target place and calendar time","fixed baseline age rate over follow-up; cohort aging is not modeled"],"reason":"Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."}
Child lifetime earnings lost: {"status":"illustrative_reference_calculation","eligible_for_public_headline":false,"target_population":null,"decision":null,"transport_assumptions":["Canadian father-son firm-closure estimate transported to the target families","US male synthetic career earnings convert a relative adult earnings effect to dollars","lifetime dollars are undiscounted; this is not an annual loss"],"reason":"Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."}
Projection eligibility: {"child":{"status":"direct_estimate","eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast":true,"reason":"direct displacement-to-child adult earnings estimate; transport still requires an applicability decision"},"grandchild":{"status":"structural_projection","eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast":false,"reason":"combines a direct child estimate with an intergenerational persistence assumption; not an identified displacement intervention effect"},"greatgrandchild":{"status":"source_withdrawn","eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast":false,"reason":"source withdrawn for grandchild_earnings->greatgrandchild_earnings: The source measures earnings for three generations and education for four. It does not estimate .55 causal gap transmission to a fourth earnings generation. Retaining a projection would require an explicit uncalibrated assumption, not a source-identified default."}}
Exposure source: {"source":"one-worker normalized reference input","method":"scale by the stored warehouse worker-equivalent exposure at read time"}
Exact values: excess deaths over 20 years 137.117794496 (range 53.6970801855 to 238.849181791); child lifetime earnings lost $2,283,303,120.33 (range $593,065,745.54 to $3,854,927,346.01);
The displayed range is a parameter-support envelope, not a confidence interval.
Place reference: national reference.
Not included: exposure estimation error; baseline estimation error; unmodeled pathways.
Blocked model paths: local_service_jobs_lost: requires a documented net local loss of tradable jobs; worker displacement alone is not this exposure.
- Excess deaths over 20 years: sullivan2009 (earnings_shock->mortality_peak; canonical) Study population: US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959.
- Excess deaths over 20 years: sullivan2009 (earnings_shock->mortality_offset_1; canonical) Study population: US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959.
- Excess deaths over 20 years: sullivan2009 (earnings_shock->mortality_offsets_2_3; canonical) Study population: US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959.
- Excess deaths over 20 years: sullivan2009 (earnings_shock->mortality_offsets_4_5; canonical) Study population: US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959.
- Excess deaths over 20 years: sullivan2009 (earnings_shock->mortality_sustained; canonical) Study population: US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959.
- Child lifetime earnings lost: oreopoulos2008 (displacement->child_earnings; EXACT) Study population: Canada 39k father-son pairs firm closures.
Scenario assumptions, sensitivity and source records
Outcome statistics use the displayed exposure. Baselines, coefficients, annual family schedules and component records retain their source normalization.
{
"displayed_workers": 4767.867,
"source_normalization_workers": 1,
"applicability": {
"excess_deaths": {
"status": "illustrative_reference_calculation",
"eligible_for_public_headline": false,
"target_population": null,
"decision": null,
"transport_assumptions": [
"high-tenure male mass-layoff cohort, ages 45–54",
"Pennsylvania early-1980s response transported to target place and calendar time",
"fixed baseline age rate over follow-up; cohort aging is not modeled"
],
"reason": "Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."
},
"child_lifetime_earnings_lost_usd": {
"status": "illustrative_reference_calculation",
"eligible_for_public_headline": false,
"target_population": null,
"decision": null,
"transport_assumptions": [
"Canadian father-son firm-closure estimate transported to the target families",
"US male synthetic career earnings convert a relative adult earnings effect to dollars",
"lifetime dollars are undiscounted; this is not an annual loss"
],
"reason": "Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."
}
},
"target_population": null,
"projection_eligibility": {
"child": {
"status": "direct_estimate",
"eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast": true,
"reason": "direct displacement-to-child adult earnings estimate; transport still requires an applicability decision"
},
"grandchild": {
"status": "structural_projection",
"eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast": false,
"reason": "combines a direct child estimate with an intergenerational persistence assumption; not an identified displacement intervention effect"
},
"greatgrandchild": {
"status": "source_withdrawn",
"eligible_for_validated_direct_contrast": false,
"reason": "source withdrawn for grandchild_earnings->greatgrandchild_earnings: The source measures earnings for three generations and education for four. It does not estimate .55 causal gap transmission to a fourth earnings generation. Retaining a projection would require an explicit uncalibrated assumption, not a source-identified default."
}
},
"child_applicability": {
"source": "oreopoulos2008",
"source_age_at_displacement": [
10,
14
],
"source_child_sex": "Male",
"source_parent_sex": "Male",
"source_geography": "Canada",
"source_event": "father firm closure 1980-1982",
"target_child_profiles": null,
"incompatible_children": [],
"unknown_children": [],
"source_income_quartile": null,
"income_rank_definition": null,
"eligible_for_reviewed_transport": false,
"status": "unknown",
"limitations": [
"No response curve across child ages is identified by this narrow cohort.",
"Income groups refer to father's average pre-displacement income in 1978-1979; target rank mapping requires a transport argument.",
"A subgroup's nonsignificant coefficient is retained with its uncertainty, not replaced with zero."
]
},
"child_valuation": null,
"assumptions": {
"mortality_method": "odds_survival",
"mortality_timing": "Source-offset profile: displacement, +1, +2–3, +4–5, and +6+; displacement is follow-up year 1, so offset +6 begins in follow-up year 7. Annual baseline rates use a constant-hazard rate-to-risk conversion; odds ratios modify annual risk, and survival compounds across phases. The selected baseline age rate is held fixed over the follow-up horizon.",
"mortality_contract": {
"method": "odds_survival",
"timing": "source_profile",
"baseline_conversion": "1-exp(-annual_rate)",
"phases": [
{
"phase": "displacement",
"start_offset": 0,
"duration_years": 1,
"first_follow_up_year": 1
},
{
"phase": "offset_1",
"start_offset": 1,
"duration_years": 1,
"first_follow_up_year": 2
},
{
"phase": "offsets_2_3",
"start_offset": 2,
"duration_years": 2,
"first_follow_up_year": 3
},
{
"phase": "offsets_4_5",
"start_offset": 4,
"duration_years": 2,
"first_follow_up_year": 5
},
{
"phase": "offset_6_plus",
"start_offset": 6,
"duration_years": null,
"first_follow_up_year": 7
}
],
"description": "Source-offset profile: displacement, +1, +2–3, +4–5, and +6+; displacement is follow-up year 1, so offset +6 begins in follow-up year 7. Annual baseline rates use a constant-hazard rate-to-risk conversion; odds ratios modify annual risk, and survival compounds across phases. The selected baseline age rate is held fixed over the follow-up horizon."
},
"place_application": "initial_only",
"place_counterfactual": "national child-dollar result is the reference"
},
"exposure_provenance": {
"source": "one-worker normalized reference input",
"method": "scale by the stored warehouse worker-equivalent exposure at read time"
},
"place": null,
"place_mix": [],
"input_content_sha256": "a771d456f24b73ab4a27e51e83ec07640a0d93114d4ffc968aae925e700d843d",
"engine_version": "0.4.1",
"bundle_sha256": "d84162591c94d06c8148c4834ae705ff3f9a015c29955d95d26749834cd136ed",
"exposure_input_sha256": "8b4c78f6529f0fbefd8fc3154c9e9b976065d910b4c6e9d55690e36d5c3cdeaa",
"input_hash": null,
"engine_sha256": "d84162591c94d06c8148c4834ae705ff3f9a015c29955d95d26749834cd136ed",
"adapter_sha256": "5fe4b51a9cebfb247cfcd74c734a2b6cb0eae44fce1073917b01455525c6ae52",
"outcomes": {
"excess_deaths": {
"point": 137.1177944963381,
"low": 53.69708018553249,
"high": 238.84918179051124,
"unit": "deaths",
"baseline": {
"value": 0.004944,
"annual_probability": 0.004931798548274205,
"unit": "deaths_per_person_year",
"citation": "cdc_wonder D76 (Underlying Cause of Death, 1999-2020), Male 45-54 years, pooled 2015-2019: 514314 deaths / 104024440 person-years = 494.4 per 100k; pulled 2026-09-06 via scraper.cli wonder-mortality into warehouse wonder_mortality",
"population": "US prime-age men (45-54)",
"notes": "Pre-pandemic window: excludes 2020 (COVID-distorted; 2020 crude rate 601.5/100k). Single-year 2019 = 490.0/100k. Ages 45-54 match the Sullivan & von Wachter prime-age counterfactual population",
"sex": "Male",
"age": "45-54 years",
"years": "2015-2019",
"cause": "All causes",
"geography": "US"
},
"steps": [
{
"link": "earnings_shock->mortality_peak",
"phase": "displacement",
"point": 2.6698,
"low": 2.1144,
"high": 3.3711,
"citation": "sullivan2009",
"tier": "canonical",
"population_scope": "US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959",
"evidence_role": "conditional"
},
{
"link": "earnings_shock->mortality_offset_1",
"phase": "offset_1",
"point": 1.9838,
"low": 1.3697,
"high": 2.8732,
"citation": "sullivan2009",
"tier": "canonical",
"population_scope": "US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959",
"evidence_role": "conditional"
},
{
"link": "earnings_shock->mortality_offsets_2_3",
"phase": "offsets_2_3",
"point": 1.7315,
"low": 1.3238,
"high": 2.2649,
"citation": "sullivan2009",
"tier": "canonical",
"population_scope": "US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959",
"evidence_role": "conditional"
},
{
"link": "earnings_shock->mortality_offsets_4_5",
"phase": "offsets_4_5",
"point": 1.2712,
"low": 0.97,
"high": 1.6661,
"citation": "sullivan2009",
"tier": "canonical",
"population_scope": "US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959",
"evidence_role": "conditional"
},
{
"link": "earnings_shock->mortality_sustained",
"phase": "offset_6_plus",
"point": 1.1354,
"low": 1.0335,
"high": 1.2474,
"citation": "sullivan2009",
"tier": "canonical",
"population_scope": "US high-seniority displaced men born 1930-1959",
"evidence_role": "conditional"
}
],
"components": {
"follow_up_years": 20,
"method": "odds_survival",
"timing": "source_profile"
},
"applicability": {
"status": "illustrative_reference_calculation",
"eligible_for_public_headline": false,
"target_population": null,
"decision": null,
"transport_assumptions": [
"high-tenure male mass-layoff cohort, ages 45–54",
"Pennsylvania early-1980s response transported to target place and calendar time",
"fixed baseline age rate over follow-up; cohort aging is not modeled"
],
"reason": "Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."
},
"interpretation": "Conditional modeled expected difference; parameter bands are support envelopes, not a confidence interval.",
"persistence_sensitivity": {
"available": true,
"status": "declared_structural_sensitivity",
"eligible_for_public_headline": false,
"unit": "deaths",
"variants": {
"source_profile": {
"point": 137.1177944963381,
"low": 53.69708018553249,
"high": 238.84918179051124,
"evidence_status": "source_profile_with_transport_assumptions",
"citations": [
"sullivan2009"
]
},
"no_sustained_excess": {
"point": 97.85261088435742,
"low": 43.82082368566538,
"high": 168.59785949700102,
"evidence_status": "structural_assumption",
"motivating_citations": [
"eliasonstorrie2009"
],
"assumption": "Retain source odds through offset +5; set offset +6 onward OR=1.",
"first_changed_follow_up_year": 7,
"fixed_late_odds_ratio": 1
}
},
"source_minus_no_sustained_point": 39.26518361198066,
"structural_point_range": {
"low": 97.85261088435742,
"high": 137.1177944963381,
"interpretation": "Range of point estimates across these two assumptions; not a confidence interval or a bound on the true effect."
},
"shared_inputs": [
"exposure",
"resolved mortality baseline",
"follow-up horizon",
"source odds through offset +5"
],
"limitations": [
"No probabilities or model-average weights are assigned to the structures.",
"A nonsignificant long-run estimate does not establish an exactly zero effect.",
"The Swedish study differs in population, design, effect scale and follow-up; this hybrid does not reproduce its estimates or substitute its hazard ratios for odds ratios.",
"The cutoff follows the source profile's offset +6 phase, not the Swedish study's windows; persistence beyond its 12-year follow-up is an assumption in either direction.",
"Baseline aging and target-population transport remain unresolved in both structures."
]
}
},
"child_lifetime_earnings_lost_usd": {
"point": 2283303120.3270297,
"low": 593065745.5394886,
"high": 3854927346.0066724,
"steps": [
{
"link": "displacement->child_earnings",
"kind": "direct",
"citation": "oreopoulos2008",
"tier": "EXACT",
"param_point": 0.9076,
"param_low": 0.844,
"param_high": 0.976,
"value_point": 0.9076,
"value_low": 0.844,
"value_high": 0.976,
"causal_role": "direct_displacement_estimate",
"population_scope": "Canada 39k father-son pairs firm closures",
"evidence_role": "conditional"
}
],
"unit": "usd_2024",
"baseline": {
"value": 2591418,
"unit": "usd_2024",
"citation": "SSA Annual Statistical Supplement 2025, Table 4.B6 (CWHS/Master Earnings File, 1 percent sample): male median earnings by age, 2023 (preliminary) — synthetic career ages 20-64 = 5x(24218+42561+52485+60423+64962+67506+68160+64854)+2x60666+3x56666 = 2517175 usd_2023; CPI-U annual averages 304.702->313.689 (BLS series CUUR0000SA0, pulled 2026-09-06) -> 2591418 usd_2024; warehouse ssa_median_earnings (pulled via ssa-earnings-download)",
"population": "US male median lifetime earnings",
"notes": "Derivation declared: the cross-sectional age profile summed over a 45-year working life (ages 20-64) is a synthetic cohort — the sum of age-band medians approximates rather than equals the median of individual lifetime sums; median-of-workers semantics excludes non-working years; 2023 medians are preliminary (SSA replaces them with final data in a later edition)"
},
"applicability": {
"status": "illustrative_reference_calculation",
"eligible_for_public_headline": false,
"target_population": null,
"decision": null,
"transport_assumptions": [
"Canadian father-son firm-closure estimate transported to the target families",
"US male synthetic career earnings convert a relative adult earnings effect to dollars",
"lifetime dollars are undiscounted; this is not an annual loss"
],
"reason": "Target cohort applicability and transport have not been established for this outcome; display as an illustrative reference calculation."
},
"interpretation": "Conditional modeled expected difference; parameter bands are support envelopes, not a confidence interval."
}
}
}Parameter set v1.54 · model v1.54+engine0.4.1+d84162591c94d06c8148c4834ae705ff3f9a015c29955d95d26749834cd136ed+national-reference1
Connections to investigate
Follow public money, visa requests and labor records. Separate documented findings from signals for review.Filing activity & decisions
Read individual applications beside the filing timeline. Explore how requests, wages and occupations change.LCA filings (2,824)
Outcome percentages use quality-filtered H-1B filings with a submission date. The table includes all LCA outcomes and visa classes.
Certified
97%
Denied
1%
Median offered wage
$140.9K
Latest year
2026
Software Engineer (5)(1 position requested)
Palo Alto 94306 · 15-1252 · 2026-03-31
Software Engineer (5)(1 position requested)
Bellevue 98004 · 15-1252 · 2026-03-26
Lead, Trust & Safety U.S. Operations (5)(1 position requested)
Santa Monica 90405 · 15-1299 · 2026-03-25
Software Engineer (4)(1 position requested)
Palo Alto 94306 · 15-1252 · 2026-03-18
Manager, Software Engineering (6)(1 position requested)
Bellevue 98004 · 11-9041 · 2026-03-18
Machine Learning Engineer (4)(1 position requested)
Palo Alto 94306 · 15-1252 · 2026-03-17
Software Engineer (4)(1 position requested)
Bellevue 98004 · 15-1252 · 2026-03-16
Machine Learning Engineer (4)(1 position requested)
Palo Alto 94306 · 15-1252 · 2026-03-13
A negative % sits below the BLS market median; a positive % sits above.
Filing activity & wages
12 source events & annotations
- 2001.COM recession: dot-com bust filings collapse
- 2004H-1B cap sunsets back to 65,000 (AC21 expiry) · Source ↗
- 2009Great recession: Employ American Workers Act (TARP recipients restricted) · Source ↗
- 2013Infosys pays record $34M visa-fraud settlement (ICE/DOJ) · Source ↗
- 2015$4,000 H-1B "9/11 fee" on 50+ / >50% H-1B employers · Source ↗
- 2017Buy American, Hire American EO · Source ↗
- 2017USCIS suspends premium processing; site visits expand · Source ↗
- 2018USCIS third-party worksite memo: denials spike · Source ↗
- 2020June 2020 H-1B entry ban + Oct 2020 DOL prevailing-wage IFR · Source ↗
- 2021Biden revokes entry ban; denials normalize · Source ↗
- 2025Trump introduces $100,000 payment for certain new H-1B petitions (Sept. 21) · Source ↗
- 2026Trump extends the $100,000 H-1B payment requirement through Sept. 21, 2027 · Source ↗
All filing statuses; quality-flagged rows excluded. Latest year can be incomplete. Headline totals use a different population.
National policy and source contextNot employer-specific events
Outcome breakdown (all years)
- Certified2,688 · 97.3%
- Denied14 · 0.5%
- Withdrawn62 · 2.2%
Occupation mix
Top occupations (SOC) by filings
- SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS, APPLICATIONS1,053 · 44.2%
- Software Developers825 · 34.7%
- COMPUTER OCCUPATIONS, ALL OTHER118 · 5.0%
- Business Intelligence Analysts99 · 4.2%
- Statisticians93 · 3.9%
- Computer Systems Engineers/Architects71 · 3.0%
- Other SOCs121 · 5.1%
Foreign-labor program mix
Shares count employer-linked disclosure rows across 3 programs, including all outcomes. LCA rows include H-1B, H-1B1, and E-3. These are filing records, not distinct workers. PERM is a labor certification; a prevailing-wage determination is a wage floor.
- LCAs (H-1B, H-1B1, E-3)2,824 · 61.4%
- PERM937 · 20.4%
- Prevailing Wage839 · 18.2%
PERM labor cert (937)
Software Engineer (Backend)
Bellevue, WA · 15-1252 · 2026-06-23
Software Engineer (4)
New York City, NY · 15-1252 · 2026-06-18
Product Designer - Messaging Vertical Design Lead
Santa Monica, CA · 27-1014 · 2026-06-18
Software Engineer (iOS - Sharing)
Palo Alto, CA · 15-1252 · 2026-06-18
IT Product Manager, Finance Technology
Santa Monica, CA · 13-1082 · 2026-06-17
Software Engineer (Lens Experience)
Santa Monica, CA · 15-1252 · 2026-06-04
Engineering Data Scientist (4)
Palo Alto, CA · 15-2051 · 2026-06-03
Senior Data Scientist
Santa Monica, CA · 15-2051 · 2026-05-15
Prevailing wage determinations (839)
Data Scientists (PERM)
NEW YORK · Level III · 15-2051 · 2026-06-18
Data Scientists (PERM)
CALIFORNIA · Level IV · 15-2051 · 2026-06-16
Project Management Specialists (PERM)
CALIFORNIA · Level III · 13-1082 · 2026-05-29
Software Developers (PERM)
WASHINGTON · Level I · 15-1252 · 2026-05-29
Software Developers (PERM)
CALIFORNIA · Level I · 15-1252 · 2026-05-15
Software Developers (PERM)
CALIFORNIA · Level II · 15-1252 · 2026-05-08
Software Developers (PERM)
CALIFORNIA · Level IV · 15-1252 · 2026-05-07
Project Management Specialists (PERM)
CALIFORNIA · Level II · 13-1082 · 2026-05-07
Layoffs & WARN
Inspect notice dates and reported job cuts alongside the employer’s filing activity.WARN notices (3)
Displacement signals (3)
Linked WARN notices and filing requests. Timing and location matches warrant review; they do not establish worker replacement.
Matched worker requests are not confirmed hires. The ratio compares requests with reported layoffs; it does not measure verified replacement.
Annual worker estimates & filing requests1 recorded years · separate count scales
Years use the WARN effective date when present. Otherwise they use the date this event was matched. Match dates show processing time. Notice dates remain on the source records and do not set this annual grouping.
Worker estimates sum the known counts on matched events. An incomplete year shows a known subtotal. Unknown counts stay --. Events can overlap; these are not distinct people. H-1B matched counts are requested positions.
| Effective or match year | Worker estimate | Events with worker count | H-1B requests |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20263 effective-date events; 0 match-date events | 415 | 3 of 3 | 123 |
Cumulative LCA requests and WARN layoffs
Calendar year
Each point adds all recorded worker counts through that calendar year. Blue: requested positions on H-1B LCAs by submission year, across all case outcomes. Red: reported workers affected in WARN notices by effective year. Both use one base-10 logarithmic count scale. Each major Y-axis step represents 10 times as many workers. Zero counts cannot appear on this scale; the table and CSV retain them. These are recorded position totals, not unique people or proof of replacement.
Totals start with each source’s first available count. Years without additional recorded counts carry the previous sum forward. Missing records and worker counts can leave totals incomplete. Quality-flagged records, undated records and WARN effective dates before 1988 are outside this timeline; source records stay in the archive. Open circles mark the current year and future periods as partial.
DOL LCA recordsState WARN records
Exact cumulative counts and method
| Calendar year | LCA requested workers total | WARN affected workers total | Cumulative WARN notices without a worker count |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007 | 1 | -- | -- |
| 2008 | 8 | -- | -- |
| 2009 | 10 | -- | -- |
| 2011 | 18 | -- | -- |
| 2012 | 24 | -- | -- |
| 2013 | 34 | -- | -- |
| 2014 | 48 | -- | -- |
| 2015 | 54 | -- | -- |
| 2016 | 264 | -- | -- |
| 2017 | 942 | -- | -- |
| 2018 | 1,310 | -- | -- |
| 2019 | 1,754 | -- | -- |
| 2020 | 2,255 | -- | -- |
| 2021 | 2,692 | -- | -- |
| 2022 | 3,035 | -- | -- |
| 2023 | 3,333 | -- | -- |
| 2024 | 3,649 | -- | -- |
| 2025 | 4,006 | -- | -- |
| 2026 (partial) | 4,059 | 415 | 0 |
Public money
Follow federal awards and state contracts to their agencies, dates and original records.Federal contracts (38)
State contracts ($22.7M · 158 contracts)
These state procurement records name this employer. They do not show H-1B use or how award funds were spent. Federal awards appear separately above.
Contract totals by state6 states · aggregate values & agencies
- MD$22.7M
- VA$47.7K
- ND$14.9K
- NJ$1.6K
- WA$602
- WY$60
People & litigation
Connect court dockets, attorneys, signatories and related organizations.Board & officers
Directors, officers and named executives listed in stored SEC proxies. The latest stored slate does not confirm who serves today.
Undated proxy records · 0 people
No SEC proxy slate records are stored for this employer.
Changes between proxies
A second dated slate is needed to identify changes. The first stored slate is a baseline, not evidence of joining.
How the slate comparison works
Each year uses its latest dated stored proxy file. We compare the same person record across successive stored years. An added person is labeled joined. An absent person is labeled not re-listed. A changed set of roles or titles is labeled new role. A name match alone does not combine people. State registrations and insider transaction forms are excluded. Stored lists can be incomplete.
Corporate structure & ownershipOpen network map
Explore relationship records and map
Ticker
SNAP · NYSEIndustry (SEC SIC)
Services-Computer Programming, Data Processing, Etc.
Incorporated
DE
SEC CIK
0001564408Insider activity
Compare SEC transactions, executive pay and company events. Timing alone does not establish misconduct.No linked insider or compensation records are available. SEC disclosure coverage depends on the company and filing type.
Worksites & local wage patterns
Where are workers requested? Compare the address records with county filing concentrations and wage benchmarks.Worksite locations (173)
Rows group the recorded city, state, ZIP and county. Source spelling variants remain separate.
Worksite distribution
County color shows filing volume. Hover for county-level wage comparisons; click to inspect its records.
Volume uses a logarithmic scale. Counties without a BLS benchmark have no wage comparison.
Evidence & sources
Source catalog ↗Questions about the data & methods
Has Snap Inc. filed H-1B labor condition applications (LCAs)?
Yes. Snap Inc. filed 2,688 H-1B labor condition applications between 2007 and 2026, requesting 3,898 workers, per Department of Labor disclosure records. This dataset counts DOL LCAs, not USCIS Form I-129 petitions, so it does not show whether any petition was approved.
How many H-1B filings does Snap Inc. have?
2,688 certified H-1B filings covering 3,898 requested workers.
What does Snap Inc. pay H-1B workers?
The average offered wage across Snap Inc.'s H-1B filings is $140,024 per year.
Is Snap Inc. H-1B dependent?
Yes. The Department of Labor classifies Snap Inc. as an H-1B dependent employer.
What worker-equivalent exposure does the displacement model estimate for Snap Inc.?
A modeled estimate puts the figure at 4,768 worker equivalents (one per requested worker on a certified H-1B filing, plus a wage-gap multiplier, plus government-reported WARN layoffs matched to filings). This is a modeled exposure, not a count of documented displaced people, and it does not establish that any named worker lost a job.
Has Snap Inc. had WARN layoffs?
Yes. State labor agencies recorded 3 WARN mass-layoff notices for this employer, covering about 415 workers.
Does Snap Inc. hold state government contracts?
Yes. State procurement records show about $22,727,522 in contract value awarded to this employer across state agencies.
Public source records and site analysis. We do not attest to accuracy. Read the full disclaimer.
Dataset guides and site methods
- [1] Dataset documentation · DOL OFLC. LCA public disclosure record layout (FY2026 Q3). Pages 1–4: application, DOL outcome and dates, requested positions, employer, representatives, worksites and pay unitsThis layout covers determinations issued October 1, 2025 through June 30, 2026. It documents employer-provided application fields and DOL decisions, not USCIS decisions, payroll verification, legal bills or worker-linked moves. Older layouts can differ.Checked 2026-10-17.
- [2] Dataset documentation · DOL OFLC. PERM public disclosure record layout (FY2026 Q3). Pages 1–7: ETA-9089 application, DOL outcome and dates, employer, wages and recruitment fieldsThis layout covers determinations issued October 1, 2025 through June 30, 2026, on the form introduced June 1, 2023. A DOL certification is not I-140 approval or permanent residence. Older layouts can differ.Checked 2026-10-17.
- [3] Dataset documentation · DOL OFLC. Prevailing Wage disclosure record layout, FY2026 Q3. Page 1: CASE_NUMBER, CASE_STATUS, VISA_CLASS; pages 5–6: PWD_WAGE_RATE, PWD_UNIT_OF_PAY, wage source and validityApplication-level prevailing-wage requests and determinations. Wage units and case status must be read; a determination is not evidence of pay received.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [4] Dataset documentation · DOL OFLC. H-2A disclosure record layout, FY2026 Q3. Page 1: application case number and decision; page 5: separate job-order number, requested and certified H-2A workersEmployer application and labor-certification records, not a worker roster or arrival record. A case number differs from a job-order number.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [5] Dataset documentation · DOL OFLC. H-2B disclosure record layout, FY2026 Q3. Pages 1–2: case number, requested and certified workers, cap estimates and temporary-need categoriesCap-subject and cap-exempt counts are estimated requested workers. Temporary need includes seasonal, peakload, one-time and intermittent work.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [6] Dataset documentation · DOL OFLC. CW-1 disclosure record layout, FY2026 Q3. Page 1: application case number, status and cap-exempt flag; job information: requested and certified workersEmployer applications and labor-certification determinations. A certification is separate from a visa-petition decision or an admission.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [7] Dataset documentation · BLS. OEWS technical notes (May 2025). Scope of the survey; occupational coding; concepts and estimation methodologyDocuments occupation and geographic wage estimates, not an individual worker’s pay. Use the estimate year and geography stated by the site; older releases can differ.Checked 2026-10-17.
- [8] XH1B method or registry · XH1B. WARN Notices (mass layoffs): source registry; State Corporate Registries (Registered Agents): source registry; State contracts and Connecticut payments: source registry; Calculation and Matching Methods; Reading Public Records and Derived Indicators. Source registry entry: warn; Source registry entry: state-sos; Source registry entry: state_contracts; Filing units, annualization, weighting, wage comparisons, and inference limits; Reading records: units, source coverage, wage gaps, entity links, and inference limitsXH1B dataset description: One row per source_notice_id. The definition of a mass layoff and the layoff threshold vary by state. The threshold is typically 50 or more employees.; XH1B dataset description: Registered-agent and registered-office fields identify who receives legal notices. Texas, for example, permits registered-agent service companies to represent businesses. Shared agent or address details are review leads. They do not, by themselves, establish shared ownership, a shell company, or a violation. State rules vary.; XH1B dataset description: State government award and vendor records. Connecticut Open Expenditures records payments, including grants. Payment totals stay separate from contract awards. Record identity fields vary by source; amounts and descriptions do not set identity.; These are the site's review methods, not validated predictions of wrongdoing. Inspect underlying records and alternative explanations.
- [9] Dataset documentation · SEC. EDGAR Application Programming Interfaces. Submissions API: filing history, current/former names and ticker metadataDescribes filing metadata, not the contents or completeness of an ownership network.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [10] Guidance · SEC. Form 4: Statement of Changes in Beneficial Ownership. March 2026 revision; page 1 relationship boxes; pages 2–3 holdings/transactions; instructions 1(c) and 4A reporting-person role differs from a numeric holding. One issuer filing can contain multiple transaction rows.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [11] Law or rulemaking · U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Schedule 14A: directors, officers and security ownership. Schedule 14A, Items 6(d) and 7: security-ownership and director/executive-officer disclosuresDefines proxy disclosure requirements. A filing describes a stated period or date. An omitted name does not establish a departure. A site identity match does not establish ownership or current service.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [12] Guidance · U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Executive Compensation. Summary Compensation Table and proxy-statement overview; guide modified September 2, 2011Explains where reported executive compensation appears. It does not verify a named executive’s extracted amount, net worth, market capitalization or immigration history.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [13] Guidance · U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Form 8-K: Item 5.02. Item 5.02(b)–(d), PDF pages 27–28: officer/director departures, appointments and electionsExplains the reportable event and date fields. A stored event or filing accession is not an independently verified personnel history; inspect the named filing when a retained source URL is available.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [14] Dataset documentation · USAspending / U.S. Treasury. Federal Spending Guide: contract transactions. Pages 3, 5, 9 and 17: transactions, amount fields and recipient identifiersContract downloads contain prime award transactions. XH1B’s use of recipient identifiers for employer links is its own processing step.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [15] Dataset documentation · Free Law Project. PACER Data APIs: dockets, parties and attorneys. Overview; Dockets; Parties; AttorneysExplains linked docket, entry, document, party and attorney objects. Missing matches or documents are not evidence that no case or filing exists.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [16] Dataset documentation · DOL Wage and Hour Division. Wage and Hour Division Compliance Action Data. Dataset description: concluded actions since FY2005, back wages, employees and civil money penaltiesThe published dataset covers concluded compliance actions, including whether violations were found. It is not a list of pending complaints or proof that every reported amount was collected.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [17] Primary record · DOL Wage and Hour Division. H-1B Willful Violator List. List effective October 1, 2026; named employers and willful-violation determination datesThis list gives determination dates, not disqualification periods. A historical listing does not prove a current bar or wrongdoing by a similarly named entity.Checked 2026-10-17.
- [18] Guidance · CMS. Hospital 2552-10 data documentation. HOSP2010_README.txt sections 2–3 and 6; HCRIS_DataDictionary.csv: RPT_REC_NUM, FY_BGN_DT, FY_END_DT, RPT_STUS_CDThe documentation allows multiple cost reports for one hospital in a year. Status distinguishes as submitted, settled without audit, settled with audit, reopened and amended reports.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [19] Guidance · CMS. Provider Reimbursement Manual, Chapter 40, Transmittal 18. December 2022; section 4005.2, Worksheet S-3 Part II, printed pages 40-58.2–40-59; PDF pages 86–87Salary costs come from the general ledger; paid hours come from payroll reports. These aggregate worksheet values are not individual H-1B payroll records. This is a named historical instruction edition.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [20] Dataset documentation · HHS OIG. LEIE Database & Supplement Downloads. LEIE Database Download; monthly file strategy; filename datesThe full file lists exclusions in effect. OIG removes reinstated entries and replaces the file monthly; the filename refers to actions through the previous month.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [21] Guidance · HHS OIG. Background Information & Exclusion Authorities. Types of exclusions; effects; statutory authority tableMandatory and permissive authorities differ. The type code must be read against its statutory ground; an exclusion is not automatically a criminal conviction.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [22] Guidance · HHS OIG. LEIE Database Record Layout. One-page field list: names, EXCLTYPE, EXCLDATE, REINDATE, WAIVERDATE, WAIVERSTATEThe layout records exclusion, reinstatement and waiver fields. It does not define every field’s legal meaning or verify an identity match.Checked 2026-10-18.
- [23] XH1B method or registry · XH1B. Displacement Model and Assumptions. Eligibility, requested-position weighting, scopes, WARN matching, and counting limitsModel outputs are estimates. A matched layoff notice does not prove that an H-1B worker replaced a laid-off worker.
- [24] XH1B method or registry · XH1B. Downstream Research and Methods. Study populations, parameter bounds, baselines, and expected outcomes; linked model card
- [25] Guidance · Texas Secretary of State. Registered Agents FAQs. What is a registered agent?; Who can be a registered agent?; registered-agent service companiesA registered agent receives legal notices. A service company can represent unrelated entities. Shared agent details do not, by themselves, establish shared ownership or misconduct. Other states have their own rules.Checked 2026-10-08.